Description
R-32 (difluorometan), CAS 75-10-5
difluoromethane
1,00 €
R-32 (difluorometan), CAS 75-10-5
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Chemical Overview: DifluoromethaneMolGod_OVERVIEW_1
| Molecular formula | CH2F2 |
| Molecular weight | 52.023 g/mol |
| Melting point | -136.8 °C |
| Boiling point | -51.65 °C |
| Density | 1.21 g/cm³ |
| LogP (lipophilicity) | 1 |
| IUPAC name | difluoromethane |
| SMILES | C(F)F |
| InChIKey | RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Synonyms: DIFLUOROMETHANE · 75-10-5 · Methylene difluoride · Methane, difluoro- · Freon 32
Data sources: PubChem (NLM/NIH)
Last updated: 2026-11-10
Physicochemical properties
Quick Reference
Formula:
CH2F2
MW:
52.02 g/mol
CAS:
75-10-5
Appearance:
Colorless gas
Detailed Properties
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density (ρ) | 1.2100 | g/cm³ | 20 °C (68 °F) | |
| Melting Point (mp) | -136.80 °C (-214.2 °F) | 1 atm | ||
| Boiling Point (bp) | -51.65 °C (-61 °F) | 1 atm |
🔬 Advanced Properties
Chemical Identifiers
SMILES:
C(F)F Data sources: PubChem, NIST Chemistry WebBook, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (103rd ed.)
Last updated: 2026-07-11
📡 Spectroscopy — CAS 75-10-5MolGod_SPECHUB_MAIN
Spectroscopic spectra databases — inline data 9 sources MolGod_SPECDB_2
Spectra are fetched on demand from 9 sources. Each spectrum is stored in our database — the next time it is opened there are zero requests to the external API. Download JCAMP-DX / CSV / PNG for every spectrum without searching.
MS (NIST)
Mass Spectrum (EI) — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
NIST Standard Reference Database 1A
UV-Vis
UV/Visible Absorption — NIST WebBook
Public domain (US Federal)
NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69
¹H NMR
NMR (¹H, ¹³C) — NMRShiftDB
CC-BY-SA 4.0
Steinbeck C et al. (2003) J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43(1):10–16
DOI: 10.1021/ci025588g
MS (MoNA)
MoNA — MassBank of North America
CC-BY 4.0
MassBank of North America (UC Davis)
DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777
IR/NMR/MS (SDBS)
SDBS — Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (Japan AIST)
Free for non-commercial
Reference source — no public API. Open in an external database:
🔗 IR/NMR/MS (SDBS) →
SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (AIST, Japan)
JP Monograph
Japanese Pharmacopoeia — Monographs
Reference only
Reference source — no public API. Open in an external database:
🔗 JP Monograph →
Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th Edition (2021)
WHO INN
WHO — International Nonproprietary Names
WHO Model Lists (free)
Reference source — no public API. Open in an external database:
🔗 WHO INN →
WHO INN Programme
DOAJ
DOAJ — Directory of Open Access Journals
OA journal index (mixed)
Reference source — no public API. Open in an external database:
🔗 DOAJ →
DOAJ — doaj.org
Physical & Chemical Properties (DB) 4 fields MolGod Score: No source
| Property | Value | Unit | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melting point | -136.80 | °C | 1 atm | |
| Boiling point | -51.65 | °C | 760 mmHg | |
| Density (ρ) | 1.2100 | g/cm³ | 20°C | |
| logP (octanol/water) | 1.000 | — | 25°C |
📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) (12 sources)
- Haynes, William M., ed. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-032-55554-4. ↗
- National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
- Yaws, Carl L. 2014. The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals. 2nd ed. Oxford: Gulf Professional Publishing.
- PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
- Marrero, J., and R. Gani. 2001. "Group-Contribution Based Estimation of Pure Component Properties." Fluid Phase Equilibria 183–184: 183–208. ↗
- Joback, K. G., and R. C. Reid. 1987. "Estimation of Pure-Component Properties from Group-Contributions." Chemical Engineering Communications 57 (1–6): 233–243. ↗
- Sangster, J. 1997. Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients: Fundamentals and Physical Chemistry. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-97397-3.
- Mannhold, Raimund, and Han van de Waterbeemd. 2001. "Substructure and Whole Molecule Approaches for Calculating Log P." Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design 15 (4): 337–354. ↗
- Perrin, Ditlev D., Boyd Dempsey, and E. P. Serjeant. 1981. pKa Prediction for Organic Acids and Bases. London: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0-412-21090-5.
- Constantinou, Leonidas, and Rafiqul Gani. 1994. "New Group Contribution Method for Estimating Properties of Pure Compounds." AIChE Journal 40 (10): 1697–1710. ↗
- Ertl, Peter, Bernhard Rohde, and Paul Selzer. 2000. "Fast Calculation of Molecular Polar Surface Area as a Sum of Fragment-Based Contributions and Its Application to the Prediction of Drug Transport Properties." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43 (20): 3714–3717. ↗
🛡️ Safety — CAS 75-10-5MolGod_SAFEHUB_MAIN
Data limitations notice. The safety information on this page is for reference only and does not replace a full safety data sheet (SDS). Before using the product, consult the manufacturer's current safety data sheet and the GHS/CLP guidance. The CLP classification applies to the pure bulk substance, not to commercial formulations.
GHS/CLP classification — Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).
⚠️ Danger
🚨 Hazard statements (H)
- H220 — Extremely flammable gas
- H280 — Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
- H336 — May cause drowsiness or dizziness
🛡 Precautionary statements (P)
- P203 — Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use
⚠ Classification based on a consensus of sources (PubChem / supplier notifications) — not verified against the harmonised classification in Annex VI (CLP). The scope of hazards may be broader than the official classification; verify against the supplier's current safety data sheet before use.
Translations: CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, Annexes III and IV. Data: PubChem/NLM.
📚 Consolidated scientific references — Chicago Author-Date 10 sources
References collected from all Safety Hub tabs. CAS: 75-10-5 ·
PubChem ↗
- Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Rozporządzenie (WE) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Regulations
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
- Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
- European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
- UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
- Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
- Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia
Tabs with their own references (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contain additional bibliographic entries within their respective sections.
Analytical statistics (t-test · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2
Paste a series of replicate measurements (CSV, or one number per line). The calculator computes the mean, standard deviation and 95% CI, and detects outliers (Grubbs + Dixon Q).
Separator: comma, space, tab, new line. Minimum 3 measurements.
📐 Statistical formulas
x̄ = Σxᵢ / n— arithmetic means² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1)— sample variances = √s²— standard deviationRSD% = (s / x̄) × 100%— relative standard deviationCI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n— Student's tG = |xᵢ - x̄| / s— Grubbs' testQ = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin|— Dixon Q-test
Source: ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗
🔧 HPLC troubleshooting — decision tree 6 common problems
Diagnostics for the 12 most common HPLC problems with a decision tree (5 steps per problem). Source: Snyder/Kirkland/Dolan 3rd ed. Chapter 17 + LCGC LC Troubleshooting columns 1989-2024.
Broad peaks medium
Symptom: All peaks on the chromatogram are wider than expected (FWHM > 2× normal)
🔍 Diagnostic tree:
-
1. Check whether all peaks are broadened or only some
→ YES: All → instrumental problem (column or system)
→ NO: Only some → chemistry problem (interaction with the column for specific analytes) -
2. Swap in a test column — does the problem disappear?
→ YES: COLUMN worn out — packing damaged, void in the first few mm. Replace it.
→ NO: Problem in the LC system -
3. Check the dead volume — injection loop, connections, detector
→ YES: Loop > 100 µL for a 4.6 mm column or loose connections → replace ferrules, shorten tubing
→ NO: Continue diagnostics -
4. Temperature test: raise the column from 25°C to 40°C
→ YES: Narrower peaks → mass-transfer kinetics too slow (increase T)
→ NO: Continue -
5. Check flow rate vs the optimal van Deemter value for this column
→ YES: Optimum for 4.6mm/5µm = 1.0 mL/min, for 2.1mm/3µm = 0.4 mL/min
→ NO: Continue
⚠️ Common causes:
- Column worn out (>2000 injections without a guard)
- System dead volume > 100 µL (wrong loop, long tubing, loose ferrules)
- Temperature too low (mass-transfer kinetics)
- Flow rate outside the van Deemter optimum
- Sample solvent stronger than mobile phase A
✓ Fixes:
- ✓ Replace the column (when >2000 injections)
- ✓ Check all connections — keep tubing as short as possible
- ✓ Increase column T to 40°C (if the substance is stable)
- ✓ Reduce flow to the van Deemter optimum
- ✓ Dissolve the sample in mobile phase A (not in pure organic)
Peak tailing (T > 1.5) high
Symptom: Peaks have an extended "tail" on the late-elution side (asymmetry T = b/a > 1.5 per USP)
🔍 Diagnostic tree:
-
1. Does the substance contain basic groups (amino, pyridine)?
→ YES: Yes → silanol interactions! Add 0.1% TFA or 5-10 mM TEA to mobile phase A.
→ NO: Continue -
2. Check the mobile-phase pH vs the substance pKa
→ YES: pH = pKa ± 1 → partial ionization, peak split. Move pH ≥ 2 units away from pKa.
→ NO: Continue -
3. Check the column age (>1500 injections?)
→ YES: Yes → exposed silanols (column bleed). Replace with a column with higher endcapping (XTerra, Symmetry).
→ NO: Continue -
4. Does the sample contain metals (Fe, Cu from glass vials)?
→ YES: Yes → use type II clear vials or PFA. Add 0.1mM EDTA to the sample.
→ NO: Continue
⚠️ Common causes:
- Silanol interactions (basic analyte + silica gel free silanols)
- pH at the boundary of the analyte pKa (peak split)
- Old column (column bleed, high silanol activity)
- Metals in the sample (chelation → tailing)
- Column overload (>50 µg on a 4.6mm column)
✓ Fixes:
- ✓ Add 0.1% TFA (UV) or 0.1% formic acid (LC-MS) to mobile phase A
- ✓ Choose a column with high-purity endcapping: Waters XBridge BEH, Phenomenex Kinetex
- ✓ Work at pH ≥ 2 units away from pKa
- ✓ Add 0.1mM EDTA to the sample (Fe/Cu chelation)
- ✓ Reduce the injection volume to ≤ 20 µL for a 4.6mm column
Baseline drift medium
Symptom: The baseline rises or falls systematically for >5 minutes
🔍 Diagnostic tree:
-
1. Are you running a gradient (B% increasing)?
→ YES: Yes → different absorption of phases A vs B at dλ. Solvent change in UV cutoff. Check the % organic UV absorbance.
→ NO: Continue (isocratic) -
2. Check the column temperature — is it stable to ±0.5°C?
→ YES: Yes (stable) → continue
→ NO: Unstable → turn on the column thermostat (>25°C controlled) -
3. Test: turn off the autosampler, run pump+column+detector alone
→ YES: Drift disappears → autosampler contamination (clean the needle, septum)
→ NO: Continue -
4. Check the lamp age (D2 for UV)
→ YES: Yes (>1500 hours) → replace the lamp
→ NO: Continue
⚠️ Common causes:
- Gradient elution with different UV cutoff of the phases
- Unstable column T
- Autosampler contamination of the needle/septum
- Old UV lamp (>1500h)
- Detector flow cell fouled
- Column not equilibrated (<10 column volumes)
✓ Fixes:
- ✓ Pre-equilibrate the column for 10-15 column volumes at 100% A
- ✓ Column thermostat on, T 30-40°C stable
- ✓ Clean the detector flow cell with 50:50 ACN:H2O
- ✓ Replace the D2 lamp if >1500h
- ✓ Use baseline subtraction (Chromeleon, Empower native function)
No peak / lost peak critical
Symptom: The expected analyte peak does not appear on the chromatogram
🔍 Diagnostic tree:
-
1. Did the injection actually take place?
→ YES: Check the autosampler log, pump pressure (should drop during injection)
→ NO: Autosampler problem → check the loop, needle, sample in the vial -
2. Is the sample in the vial (correct volume, not evaporated)?
→ YES: Continue
→ NO: No sample — re-pipette -
3. Sample stability — prepared >24h ago?
→ YES: Yes → degradation. Re-prepare a fresh sample.
→ NO: Continue -
4. Check the detection wavelength vs the substance λmax
→ YES: Detection at λ does NOT match λmax → no signal. Scan DAD 200-400nm.
→ NO: Continue -
5. Test: inject a pure standard (of known concentration, fresh)
→ YES: The standard gives a peak → problem with the sample (matrix, derivatization)
→ NO: No peak even with the standard → system problem (column, phase, gradient)
⚠️ Common causes:
- Sample not drawn from the vial (autosampler bug)
- Sample degraded (>24h pH/temp/light)
- Detection at the wrong wavelength
- Wrong mobile phase (e.g. forgotten TFA)
- Column reversed / wrong stationary phase
- Substance elutes at the front (V0) → unretained, not visible
✓ Fixes:
- ✓ Re-prepare a fresh sample per the exact protocol
- ✓ UV-Vis DAD scan 200-400nm + search for λmax
- ✓ Check the mobile-phase composition — was TFA added?
- ✓ Test the reverse column direction (carefully!)
- ✓ For retention <1 min — lower the % B, MeOH instead of ACN
- ✓ Check the "expected_rt" table in wp_molgod_hplc_methods
Pressure too high critical
Symptom: Pump pressure > 80% of the column max or system shutdown with a high-pressure error
🔍 Diagnostic tree:
-
1. Check that the column is connected correctly (arrow direction)
→ YES: OK
→ NO: Column reversed → flip it (never run it "backwards") -
2. Test: remove the column from the system, run pump+detector alone
→ YES: Pressure drops to <50 bar → problem in the column (clogged)
→ NO: Pressure stays high → in-line filter clogged, frit fouled -
3. Check the pre-column filter (in-line frit)
→ YES: Fouled and brown → replace it
→ NO: Continue -
4. Back-flush the column with 50:50 ACN:H2O without the column — does it disappear?
→ YES: Particles stuck in the first mm — a 30 min flush may recover it
→ NO: Replace the column
⚠️ Common causes:
- In-line filter (frit) clogged with particles
- Buffer salting out (precipitation at high %B)
- Sample contains suspended matter (filter 0.22 µm before injection)
- Column clogged (column bed compaction)
- Gradient with a buffer phase + high organic → salt precipitation
✓ Fixes:
- ✓ ALWAYS filter the sample through 0.22 µm PVDF before injection
- ✓ Replace the in-line filter every 100 injections (or when pressure rises >20%)
- ✓ Do NOT use >20mM phosphate buffer + >70% ACN (the salt precipitates)
- ✓ Flush the column for 30 min with 50:50 ACN:H2O in the reverse direction (when the manufacturer allows it)
- ✓ Pre-column 4×3mm to protect the main column
Ghost peaks high
Symptom: Unexplained peaks on the chromatogram absent from the calibration
🔍 Diagnostic tree:
-
1. Test: blank injection (pure sample solvent)
→ YES: A ghost appears → contamination of the system or eluents
→ NO: Appears only with the sample → matrix -
2. Does the ghost grow with the gradient (elutes at high %B)?
→ YES: Yes → overloaded column or strong-retained from a previous run
→ NO: Independent of the gradient → autosampler carryover -
3. Increase carryover wash (between injections)
→ YES: Helps → carryover was to blame. Use a stronger wash protocol.
→ NO: Continue -
4. Pure water injection — is there a peak?
→ YES: Yes → contamination of the water source (organics from the DI system)
→ NO: Continue
⚠️ Common causes:
- Carryover in the autosampler needle/loop
- Eluent contamination (even HPLC-grade)
- Strong-retained components from previous runs
- Plastic in the vials (phthalates, PEG from the caps)
- Insufficiently purified DI water
✓ Fixes:
- ✓ Strengthen the wash protocol: 100% B → 100% A → 50:50 (3 cycles)
- ✓ Strong wash: 100% DMSO or 100% MeOH before calibration
- ✓ Filter the eluents through 0.22 µm PTFE if in doubt
- ✓ Use amber glass + Teflon-lined caps for samples
- ✓ Periodic gradient ramp to 100% B for 10 min (clean-out)
📚 Scientific references (Chicago Author-Date) — click to expand
- Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 17 (Troubleshooting) pp. 559-616. ISBN 978-0-470-16754-0. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 [link ↗]
- Dolan, John W.. 2014. LC Troubleshooting (monthly column 1989-2024). LCGC North America. [link ↗] — John Dolan 35-letnia seria miesięcznych artykułów problemowych
- Kromidas, Stavros. 2017. HPLC Made to Measure: A Practical Handbook for Optimization. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-31377-1. — Praktyczny przewodnik problem-solving dla labs analitycznych
- Dolan, John W.. 2013. When to Modify Method Conditions. 192-199. [link ↗] — Decision flow for changing flow rate / temperature / %B vs swapping columns.
- Dong, Michael W.. 2019. HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists. 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-31378-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793 [link ↗] — Chapter 9 covers troubleshooting modern UHPLC systems (sub-2 µm particles).
- Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 5th ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-68218-0. — Solid step-by-step problem isolation chapter (eluents, columns, instruments).
- Snyder, L. R., J. J. Kirkland, and J. L. Glajch. 1997. Practical HPLC Method Development. 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-00703-6. — Method-development companion volume with troubleshooting cross-refs.
- Carr, Peter W.. 2009. The new physical chemistry of HPLC. 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 [link ↗] — Theoretical basis for diagnosing efficiency losses (mass-transfer, eddy diffusion).
- Heyden, Yvan Vander, et al.. 2009. Robustness of pharmaceutical liquid chromatographic methods. 2120-2129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.052 [link ↗] — How to diagnose method failures vs. system failures (Plackett-Burman).
- Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. 100 Years of Chromatography. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-33473-5. — Historical context for ghost-peak phenomenology (silica chemistry).
- Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial. 519-531. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03506 [link ↗]
- Carr, Peter W.. 2009. The new physical chemistry of HPLC. 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 [link ↗]
- Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations. 1167-1182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700026 [link ↗]
- Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. 100 Years of Chromatography. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-33473-5.
- Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography. 8525-8531. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101742z [link ↗]
ADMET — Pharmacological Profile
Drug-likeness radar chart (Lipinski Ro5 / Veber). Green zone = compliance with criteria.
Predictive data — properties calculated in silico (SMILES/RDKit). These do not replace clinical studies. Do not use for drug evaluation without experimental verification.
✓ Lipinski Ro5✓ Veber✓ Egan✗ Ghose (MW=52)✗ REOS (MW=52)✓ Lead-like Ro3
| Property | Value | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption (GI) | high | ✓ |
| BBB permeability | yes (crosses) | |
| Bioavailability (Daina 2017) | 55% | |
| CYP450 profile | CYP1A2 non-inhibitorCYP2C9 non-inhibitorCYP2C19 non-inhibitorCYP2D6 non-inhibitorCYP3A4 non-inhibitor | |
| PAINS alerts | 0 | ✓ |
| Brenk alerts | 0 | ✓ |
| pKa (pH 7.4) | 7 (heuristic) | |
| hERG (cardiotox.) | ✓ no | |
| P-gp substrate | — | |
| Ames mutagenicity | ✓ no | |
| DILI (hepatotox.) | — | |
| LogS (aq. solub.) | — | |
Sources (ADMET methodology)
- Lipinski, Christopher A., Franco Lombardo, Beryl W. Dominy, and Paul J. Feeney. 1997. "Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 23 (1-3): 3-25.
- Veber, Daniel F., Stephen R. Johnson, Hung-Yuan Cheng, et al. 2002. "Molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45 (12): 2615-2623.
- Daina, Antoine, Olivier Michielin, and Vincent Zoete. 2017. "SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness." Scientific Reports 7: 42717.
- Egan, William J., and Gregory Lauri. 2002. "Prediction of intestinal permeability." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 273-289.
- Baell, Jonathan B., and Georgina A. Holloway. 2010. "New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from screening libraries." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53 (7): 2719-2740.
- Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, et al. 2008. "Lessons learnt from assembling screening libraries for drug discovery for neglected diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
- Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of synthetic accessibility score of drug-like molecules based on molecular complexity and fragment contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
- Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
- Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
- Ghose, Arup K., Vellarkad N. Viswanadhan, and John J. Wendoloski. 1999. "A Knowledge-Based Approach in Designing Combinatorial or Medicinal Chemistry Libraries for Drug Discovery." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 1 (1): 55-68.
- Tice, Raymond R., Christopher P. Austin, Robert J. Kavlock, and John R. Bucher. 2013. "Improving the Human Hazard Characterization of Chemicals: A Tox21 Update." Environmental Health Perspectives 121 (7): 756-765.
- Leeson, Paul D., and Brian Springthorpe. 2007. "The Influence of Drug-Like Concepts on Decision-Making in Medicinal Chemistry." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 6 (11): 881-890.
- Hann, Michael M. 2011. "Molecular Obesity, Potency and Other Addictions in Drug Discovery." MedChemComm 2 (5): 349-355.
- Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
- Walters, W. Patrick, and Mark A. Murcko. 2002. "Prediction of 'Drug-Likeness.'". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00003-0.
- Congreve, Miles, Robin Carr, Christopher Murray, and Harren Jhoti. 2003. "A 'Rule of Three' for Fragment-Based Lead Discovery?" Drug Discovery Today 8 (19): 876–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02831-9.
- Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, Agata Krasowski, Iain Hugh Gilbert, Julie Frearson, and Paul Graham Wyatt. 2008. "Lessons Learnt from Assembling Screening Libraries for Drug Discovery for Neglected Diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
- Schomburg, Karen T., Sascha Bietz, Hans Briem, Andrea M. Henzler, Stefan Urbaczek, and Matthias Rarey. 2014. "Facing the Challenges of Structure-Based Target Prediction by Inverse Virtual Screening." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 54 (6): 1676-1686.
- Bemis, Guy W., and Mark A. Murcko. 1996. "The Properties of Known Drugs. 1. Molecular Frameworks." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 39 (15): 2887-2893.
- Schomburg, Karen T., and Matthias Rarey. 2014. "What Is the Potential of Structure-Based Target Prediction Methods?" Future Medicinal Chemistry 6 (17): 1987-1989.
- 2007. "Difluoromethane." Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. DOI: 10.1002/9780470114735.hawley05466. [DOI ↗]
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📚 Scientific literature overview — CAS 75-10-5MolGod_LITHUB_MAIN
⭐ Key findings (scientific literature) 4 publications
🏆 CAS
75-10-5
— multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citations · 20% recency · 20% topic · 15% historical · 15% open access.
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#1Bhunia SK; Saha A; Maity AR et al. (2013) · Scientific reportsWhy it matters: Must-cite (canon) · 267 citations
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#2Guo J; Balić P; Borodkin VS et al. (2024) · Organic lettersWhy it matters: Must-cite (canon) · recent (2024)
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#3Uno H; Kawai K; Araki T et al. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)Why it matters: Must-cite (canon)
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#4Special Study A: An Ethnographic Study of the Forty Classrooms of the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study Known Sample. BTES Technical Report Series No. 75-10-5.William J. Tikunoff (1975)Why it matters: Selected by multi-criteria score (citations + recency + topic + historical + OA).SCORE 3.61 Mechanism Citations: 15
Related products
📚 REFERENCES (Aggregate bibliography, Chicago Author-Date) 107 items
All scientific sources cited in the accordions above for CAS 75-10-5. Format: Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date system.
🗄️ Scientific databases
- NIST. 2026. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 75-10-5. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=75-10-5. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
- AIST. 2026. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 75-10-5. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
- PubChem. 2026. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 75-10-5. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=75-10-5. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
- ECHA. 2026. C&L Inventory and REACH Registration: CAS 75-10-5. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
📐 Standards / Guidelines
- ICH. 2026. "ICH Harmonised Guideline: CAS 75-10-5." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
- European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
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- European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
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📖 Books
- Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
- Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
- Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
- Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
- Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.
📘 Monographs
- IARC. 2026. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: CAS 75-10-5. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
📄 Scientific articles (peer-reviewed)
- Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
- Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.
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