aniline — étiquette CAS 62-53-3

aniline

IARC Groupe 2A — Probablement cancérogène pour l'homme
CAS: 62-53-3 | Source IARC

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Réactif chimique Anilina (CAS 62-53-3). Fiche encyclopédique complète — classification, propriétés et données de sécurité — ci-dessous.

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MolGod_SDSCARD_1
REACH 2020/878
v1 · 18.07.2026
Category:
🧬 Visualiseur de molécule 3D
Chargement de la molécule...
Modèle 3D Aniline, CAS 62-53-3, formule brute C6H7N, masse molaire 93.13 g/mol
Aperçu chimique: AnilineMolGod_OVERVIEW_1
Formule bruteC6H7N
Masse moléculaire93.13 g/mol
Point de fusion-6.3 °C
Point d'ébullition184.1 °C
Densité1.0217 g/cm³
LogP (lipophilie)0.9
pKa4.6
Nom IUPACaniline
SMILESC1=CC=C(C=C1)N
InChIKeyPAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Synonymes: ANILINE · Benzenamine · Phenylamine · 62-53-3 · Aminobenzene

Sources des données : PubChem (NLM/NIH), CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Dernière mise à jour : 2026-11-10

RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE

[1]Europe PMC2026
Regulating the Acidity and Pore Structure of Hβ Zeolite with Citric Acid Concentration for Optimized Aniline Condensation Catalysis.
et al.. (2026). "Regulating the Acidity and Pore Structure of Hβ Zeolite with Citric Acid Concentration for Optimized Aniline Condensation Catalysis.". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19101993
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
[2]Europe PMC2026
Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME studies of novel carbazole-aniline hybrids as cytotoxic agents.
et al.. (2026). "Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME studies of novel carbazole-aniline hybrids as cytotoxic agents.". https://doi.org/10.1186/
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
[3]Europe PMC2026
Construction of a Synthetic Aniline-Degrading Consortium Consisting of Pseudomonas sp. RF and Acidovorax sp. PH Guided by Soil…
et al.. (2026). "Construction of a Synthetic Aniline-Degrading Consortium Consisting of Pseudomonas sp. RF and Acidovorax sp. PH Guided by Soil Niche Information from Contaminated Sites.". https://doi
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
[4]Europe PMC2026
Aniline Electropolymerization on Indium-Tin Oxide Nanofilms with Different Surface Resistivity: A Comprehensive Study.
et al.. (2026). "Aniline Electropolymerization on Indium-Tin Oxide Nanofilms with Different Surface Resistivity: A Comprehensive Study.". https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16030165
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
[5]Europe PMC2026
Elimination of Aniline from Aquatic Solution through Activated Carbon Prepared from Phoenix Dactylifera Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies.
(2026). "Elimination of Aniline from Aquatic Solution through Activated Carbon Prepared from Phoenix Dactylifera Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06688
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
[6]Europe PMC2025
Optimization of photochemical decomposition of aniline in aqueous solutions and assessment of effluent toxicity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC…
et al.. (2025). "Optimization of photochemical decomposition of aniline in aqueous solutions and assessment of effluent toxicity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s415
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
[7]Europe PMC2025
Traditional and photocatalytic conversion of aniline into azocompounds - a comprehensive experimental and theoretical review.
et al.. (2025). "Traditional and photocatalytic conversion of aniline into azocompounds - a comprehensive experimental and theoretical review.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra03828f
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
[8]Europe PMC2025
Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Response of Rice to Aniline Toxicity.
et al.. (2025). "Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Response of Rice to Aniline Toxicity.". https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020582
Accéder à l'étude complète ↗
📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date) 20 refs · 3 baz

MOLEKUŁA Bibliographie par CAS (en direct depuis 13+ bases de données)

Sources : db:Europe PMC (8) · db:openalex (12)

  1. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Regulating the Acidity and Pore Structure of Hβ Zeolite with Citric Acid Concentration for Optimized Aniline Condensation Catalysis.". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19101993 →
  2. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME studies of novel carbazole-aniline hybrids as cytotoxic agents.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-026-01744-x →
  3. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Construction of a Synthetic Aniline-Degrading Consortium Consisting of Pseudomonas sp. RF and Acidovorax sp. PH Guided by Soil Niche Information from Contaminated Sites.". https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14030678 →
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Aniline Electropolymerization on Indium-Tin Oxide Nanofilms with Different Surface Resistivity: A Comprehensive Study.". https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16030165 →
  5. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Elimination of Aniline from Aquatic Solution through Activated Carbon Prepared from Phoenix Dactylifera Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06688 →
  6. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Optimization of photochemical decomposition of aniline in aqueous solutions and assessment of effluent toxicity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29156-2 →
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Traditional and photocatalytic conversion of aniline into azocompounds - a comprehensive experimental and theoretical review.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra03828f →
  8. db:openalex Hongyan Li, Lianxin Liu, Jianguo Cui et al.. (2020). "High-efficiency adsorption and regeneration of methylene blue and aniline onto activated carbon from waste edible fungus residue and its possible mechanism". RSC Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01245a →
  9. db:openalex Tianwei He, Chunmei Zhang, Lei Zhang et al.. (2019). "Single Pt atom decorated graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient photocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene into aniline". Nano Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2439-z →
  10. db:openalex Tarn C. Johnson, Bryony L. Elbert, Alistair J. M. Farley et al.. (2017). "Direct sulfonylation of anilines mediated by visible light". Chemical Science. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc03891g →
  11. db:openalex Wenting Wu, Liming Zhang, Shu‐Li You. (2016). "Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions of phenol and aniline derivatives". Chemical Society Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00356c →
  12. db:openalex Hamideh Ahankar, Ali Ramazani, Katarzyna Ślepokura et al.. (2016). "Synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives from aniline, an aldehyde and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in an ethanolic citric acid solution under ultrasound irradiation". Green Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00157b →
  13. db:openalex Tomohiro Sugahara, Kei Murakami, Hideki Yorimitsu et al.. (2014). "Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Sulfides with Anilines". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201404355 →
  14. db:openalex Irina Sapurina, M. A. Shishov. (2012). "Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline: Molecular Synthesis of Polyaniline and the Formation of Supramolecular Structures". InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/48758 →
  15. db:openalex Jannis Wenk, Silvio Canonica. (2012). "Phenolic Antioxidants Inhibit the Triplet-Induced Transformation of Anilines and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution". Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300485u →
  16. db:openalex Luana da Silva Magalhães Forezi. (2011). "Aniline (CAS No. 62-53-3)". Revista Virtual de Química. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-6835.20110053 →
  17. db:openalex Xiangchun Meng, Haiyang Cheng, Yoshinari Akiyama et al.. (2009). "Selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in dense phase carbon dioxide over Ni/γ-Al2O3: Significance of molecular interactions". Journal of Catalysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.03.008 →
  18. db:openalex D. V. Parke. (1960). "Studies in detoxication. 84. The metabolism of [14C]aniline in the rabbit and other animals". Biochemical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0770493 →
  19. db:openalex R. A. M. Case, M. E. Hosker, David B. McDonald et al.. (1954). "Tumours Of The Urinary Bladder in Workmen Engaged in the Manufacture and Use Of Certain Dyestuff Intermediates In The British Chemical Industry. Part I. The Role Of Aniline, Benzidine, Alpha-Naphthylamine, And Beta-Naphthylamine". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.11.2.75 →
📊 Propriétés physicochimiques

Aperçu rapide

Formule : C6H7N
MW : 93.13 g/mol
CAS : 62-53-3
Aspect : Oily liquid; colorless when freshly distilled, darkens on exposure to air and light
Odeur : Hedonic tone; pungent
Odeur : Hedonic tone; pungent

Propriétés détaillées

Propriété Valeur Unité Conditions Source
Masse volumique (ρ) 1.0217 g/cm³ 20 °C (68 °F) CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Point de fusion (mp) -6.30 °C (20.7 °F) 1 atm CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Point d'ébullition (bp) 184.10 °C (363.4 °F) 1 atm CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Point d'éclair 70.00 °C (158 °F) closed cup CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Pression de vapeur 0.490 mmHg 25 °C (77 °F) CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Solubilité dans l'eau 36.000 g/L 25 °C (77 °F) CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Viscosité (η) 3.770 cP 25 °C (77 °F) CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Indice de réfraction (nD) 1.5863 20 °C (68 °F), D-line CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
pKa 4.600 25 °C (77 °F) CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
🔬 Propriétés avancées
Tension superficielle 42.700 mN/m 20°C
Constante diélectrique (ε) 6.890 25°C
Capacité thermique (Cp) 2.060 J/(g·K) 25°C

Identifiants chimiques

SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)N

Sources des données : PubChem, NIST Chemistry WebBook, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (103rd ed.)

Dernière mise à jour : 2026-06-30

Statut réglementaire de la substance
Cette substance est soumise à des exigences réglementaires : gestion des déchets dangereux (BDO). Détails dans la section « Statut réglementaire (REACH/ECHA/CLP) » et sur la FDS. Information réglementaire — ne restreint pas l'achat dans la boutique.
🧮 Calculateur stœchiométriqueMolGod_STOICH_1
🔍 Identifiants externesMolGod_EXTID_1
14 sur 16 systèmes d'ID88%
Base de donnéesIdentifiantActions
CAS Registry Number62-53-3Ouvrir →
PubChem CID6115Ouvrir →
InChIKeyPAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-NOuvrir →
InChIInChI=1S/C6H7N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,7H2
SMILESC1=CC=C(C=C1)N
EC Number200-539-3Ouvrir →
ChEMBLCHEMBL538Ouvrir →
DrugBankDB06728Ouvrir →
KEGG CompoundC00292Ouvrir →
HMDBHMDB0003012Ouvrir →
ChemSpider5889Ouvrir →
MeSH UID (NLM)C023650Ouvrir →
UNII (FDA)SIR7XX2F1KOuvrir →
WikiData QIDQ186414Ouvrir →

Sources : PubChem (NIH), Wikidata SPARQL, KEGG, ChEMBL (EBI), CompTox CTX (EPA).

📡 Spectroscopie — CAS 62-53-3MolGod_SPECHUB_MAIN
📊 Spectres (NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis) (1)

Types de spectres disponibles : IR

Spectre IR (KBr, 4000-400 cm⁻¹)

440 points de données · Source : NIST WebBook · NIST ↗ · 📥 JCAMP-DX
📋 Tableau des pics (peak assignment)
Type Position Intensité Attribution
IR 450 0.1 —
IR 458 0.1 —
IR 466 0.1 —
IR 474 0.2 —
IR 482 0.2 —
IR 490 0.2 —
IR 498 0.2 —
IR 506 0.1 —
IR 514 0.1 —
IR 522 0.1 —
IR 530 0 —
IR 538 0 —
IR 546 0 —
IR 554 0 —
IR 562 0 —
IR 570 0 —
IR 578 0.1 —
IR 586 0.1 —
IR 594 0.1 —
IR 602 0.1 —
🎓 Guide d'interprétation des spectres (pour étudiants)
Comment lire un spectre IR
  • 3200-3600 cm⁻¹ — élongation O-H (pic large = liaison hydrogène)
  • 2850-3000 cm⁻¹ — élongation C-H (sp³)
  • 1650-1750 cm⁻¹ — élongation C=O (cétones, aldéhydes, esters)
  • 1400-1600 cm⁻¹ — vibrations du cycle aromatique
  • 1000-1300 cm⁻¹ — élongation C-O (éthers, alcools)
  • Aucune absorption = aucun groupe fonctionnel → comparer avec une référence

Sources : LibreTexts ↗, Silverstein (Spectrometric ID) ↗

📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date) (9 sources)

📚 La bibliographie des ouvrages est en attente de génération. Des manuels généraux sélectionnés sont disponibles ci-dessous ; les ouvrages Google Books spécifiques au CAS peuvent être récupérés depuis le panneau d'administration.

  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  2. Spectral Database for Organic Structure Determination (SDBS). 2024. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Ulrich, Eldon L., Hideo Akutsu, John F. Doreleijers, Yoko Harano, Yannis E. Ioannidis, Jundong Lin, Miron Livny, et al. 2008. "BioMagResBank." Nucleic Acids Research 36 (D1): D402–D408. [DOI ↗]
  4. Horai, Hisayuki, Masanori Arita, Shigehiko Kanaya, Yoshito Nihei, Tasuku Ikeda, Kazuhiro Suwa, Yuya Ojima, et al. 2010. "MassBank: A Public Repository for Sharing Mass Spectral Data for Life Sciences." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 45 (7): 703–714. [DOI ↗]
  5. Linstrom, P.J., and W.G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. ↗
  6. McDonald, M. Shane, Mike McAvoy, and Ajit Bhalerao. 1988. "JCAMP-DX: A Standard Form for Exchange of Infrared Spectra in Computer Readable Form." Applied Spectroscopy 42 (1): 151–162. [DOI ↗]
  7. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
📐 Propriétés physico-chimiques (base de données) 16 champs Score MolGod : Primaire
Propriété Valeur Unité Conditions Source
Point de fusion -6.30 [1][6][11] °C 1 atm CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Point d'ébullition 184.10 [1][6][11] °C 760 mmHg CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Solubilité dans l'eau 36.000 [1] g/L 25°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Masse volumique (ρ) 1.0217 [1] g/cm³ 20°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Indice de réfraction (n_D) 1.5863 [1] — 20°C, sodium D CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Viscosité (η) 3.770 [1] cP 25°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Pression de vapeur 0.490 [1] mmHg 25°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Point d'éclair 70.00 [1] °C closed cup CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Température d'auto-inflammation 615.00 [1] °C in air CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
UV λmax 280 [1][2] nm water/MeOH CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
UV εmax 1430 [1][2] M⁻¹·cm⁻¹ at λmax CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
pKa₁ 4.600 [1][2][10] — 25°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
logP (octanol/eau) 0.900 [1][8][9] — 25°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Constante diélectrique (ε) 6.890 [1] — 25°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Tension superficielle 42.700 [1] mN/m 20°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
Chaleur spécifique (cp) 2.060 [1] J/(g·K) 25°C CRC Handbook 105th ed. (Haynes 2024)
📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date) (12 sources)
  1. Haynes, William M., ed. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-032-55554-4. ↗
  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2024. "NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69." Gaithersburg, MD: NIST. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  3. Yaws, Carl L. 2014. The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals. 2nd ed. Oxford: Gulf Professional Publishing.
  4. PubChem. 2024. "PubChem Compound Database." National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Accessed 2025-01-01. ↗
  5. Marrero, J., and R. Gani. 2001. "Group-Contribution Based Estimation of Pure Component Properties." Fluid Phase Equilibria 183–184: 183–208. ↗
  6. Joback, K. G., and R. C. Reid. 1987. "Estimation of Pure-Component Properties from Group-Contributions." Chemical Engineering Communications 57 (1–6): 233–243. ↗
  7. Sangster, J. 1997. Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients: Fundamentals and Physical Chemistry. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-97397-3.
  8. Mannhold, Raimund, and Han van de Waterbeemd. 2001. "Substructure and Whole Molecule Approaches for Calculating Log P." Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design 15 (4): 337–354. ↗
  9. Perrin, Ditlev D., Boyd Dempsey, and E. P. Serjeant. 1981. pKa Prediction for Organic Acids and Bases. London: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0-412-21090-5.
  10. Constantinou, Leonidas, and Rafiqul Gani. 1994. "New Group Contribution Method for Estimating Properties of Pure Compounds." AIChE Journal 40 (10): 1697–1710. ↗
  11. Ertl, Peter, Bernhard Rohde, and Paul Selzer. 2000. "Fast Calculation of Molecular Polar Surface Area as a Sum of Fragment-Based Contributions and Its Application to the Prediction of Drug Transport Properties." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43 (20): 3714–3717. ↗
🔄 Convertisseur d'unités de concentration LIVE MolGod_UNITCONV_1

Saisissez la concentration Aniline dans n'importe quelle unité — le reste sera calculé automatiquement.

MW : 93.13 g/mol · IUPAC Gold Book ↗

⚗️ Formules de conversion + citations (par formule)
ConversionFormulePrécisionSource
% (w/v) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (% × 10) / MW±0.5% rel. when density ≈ 1.0 g/mLIUPAC (2019)
millimolar ↔ molarc (mol/L) = mM × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
molarity (mol/L)c = n/V = (m/MW)/V±0.1% (depends on MW precision)IUPAC (2019)
parts per million (mg/L) ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = ppm / (1000 × MW); equivalently ppm = mg/L for dilute aqueous±1% (density-independent for dilute solutions)IUPAC (2019)
mg/mL ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (mg/mL × 1000) / MW / 1000 = mg/mL / MW × 1±0.2%Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
g/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (g/L) / MW±0.1% (depends on MW precision)Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
mmol/L ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = mmol/L × 10⁻³ExactCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
Celsius ↔ KelvinT(K) = t(°C) + 273.15±0.01 K (ITS-90 scale)BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019)
Celsius ↔ FahrenheitT(°F) = T(°C) × 9/5 + 32±0.1 °FThompson A, Taylor BN (2008)
density-corrected % ↔ molarityc (mol/L) = (%w/w × ρ × 10) / MW, ρ in g/mL±0.1% when ρ known to 3 decimalsCohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007)
📚 Bibliographie (8 sources faisant autorité)
  1. Thompson A, Taylor BN (2008). Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 811 · DOI: 10.6028/NIST.SP.811-2008
    → Primary SI standard for US scientific usage
  2. Cohen ER, Cvitaš T, Frey JG, Holmström B, Kuchitsu K, Marquardt R, Mills I, Pavese F, Quack M, Stohner J, Strauss HL, Takami M, Thor AJ (2007). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry — The IUPAC Green Book. RSC Publishing, 3rd ed. · DOI: 10.1039/9781847557889 · ISBN: 978-0-85404-433-7
    → Canonical IUPAC guide for chemistry quantities/units
  3. BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) (2019). The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition. BIPM · ↗
    → International SI definitions (incl. redefined kilogram 2019)
  4. ISO/IEC (2022). Quantities and units — Part 1: General. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-1:2022 · ↗
    → General rules for physical quantities and units
  5. ISO/IEC (2019). Quantities and units — Part 9: Physical chemistry and molecular physics. International Organization for Standardization — ISO 80000-9:2019 · ↗
    → Concentration / molality / amount-of-substance conventions
  6. Tiesinga E, Mohr PJ, Newell DB, Taylor BN (2021). CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2018. Rev. Mod. Phys. 93(2):025010 · DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.93.025010
    → Avogadro, gas constant, molar volume (2019 SI revision)
  7. IUPAC (2019). Compendium of Chemical Terminology — the IUPAC Gold Book (online). IUPAC · DOI: 10.1351/goldbook
    → Definitions of mass fraction, molality, normality, ppm, activity
  8. Mills IM, Cvitaš T, Homann K, Kallay N, Kuchitsu K (1988). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1st ed. · ISBN: 0-632-01773-5
    → Historical predecessor of IUPAC Green Book
🧪 Assistant de préparation de solution WIZARD MolGod_PREP_1
① Sélectionnez la concentration
② Volume cible
③ Solvant

Calculs selon : IUPAC Gold Book ↗, Merck ↗

Compatibilité avec les solvantsMolGod_SOLV_1

Estimation basée sur la solubilité dans l'eau et le logP. Données indicatives — ne remplacent pas les études expérimentales.

SolvantCompatibilitéRemarquesRéférences
Water~ ModéréelogP modéré
EtOH+ BonneEtOH — solvant polaire universel
Acetone+ BonneAcétone — bon pour les composés moyennement polaires
DCM+ BonneDCM — bon pour les composés apolaires
DMSO+ BonneDMSO — solvant aprotique puissant
THF+ BonneTHF — large gamme de solubilité
Hexane- FaibleFaible solubilité dans l'hexane
CHCl3+ BonneCHCl3 — bon pour les composés moyennement polaires et apolaires

Sources des données pour logP/solubilité : logP: 0.90

📚 Références scientifiques pour les solvants (Chicago Author-Date) — cliquer pour développer

Chaque solvant dispose de 5 sources scientifiques indépendantes (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/GESTIS). Citations complètes ci-dessous.

Water · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. Rumble, John R., ed. 2023. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 104th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  2. International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). 1997. "Release on the Static Dielectric Constant of Ordinary Water Substance." IAPWS R8-97. [link ↗]
  3. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220. [link ↗]
  4. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "Water." GESTIS Substance Database. Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
EtOH · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. Rumble, John R., ed. 2023. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 104th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  2. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220. [link ↗]
  3. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183. [link ↗]
  4. Smallwood, Ian M. 1996. Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties. London: Arnold. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-340-64578-9.X5000-9. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "Ethanol." GESTIS Substance Database. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
Acetone · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220. [link ↗]
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  3. Rumble, John R., ed. 2023. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 104th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  4. Smallwood, Ian M. 1996. Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties. London: Arnold. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "Acetone." GESTIS Substance Database. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
DCM · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. n.d. "Methane, dichloro- (CAS 75-09-2)." NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  3. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1999. "Dichloromethane." IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 71: 251–315. [link ↗]
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "Dichloromethane." GESTIS Substance Database. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
DMSO · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. Wypych, George. 2019. Handbook of Solvents. Volume 1: Properties. 3rd ed. Toronto: ChemTec Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-02235-3. [link ↗]
  2. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. [link ↗]
  3. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  4. National Institute of Standards and Technology. n.d. "Methane, sulfinylbis- (CAS 67-68-5)." NIST Chemistry WebBook. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "Dimethyl sulfoxide." GESTIS Substance Database. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
THF · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. Armarego, Wilfred L. F., and Christina Li Lin Chai. 2009. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. 6th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-85617-567-8.50003-3. [link ↗]
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  3. National Institute of Standards and Technology. n.d. "Furan, tetrahydro- (CAS 109-99-9)." NIST Chemistry WebBook. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
  4. Smallwood, Ian M. 1996. Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties. London: Arnold. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "Tetrahydrofuran." GESTIS Substance Database. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
Hexane · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. n.d. "Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)." NIST Chemistry WebBook. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  3. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. [link ↗]
  4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1999. Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "n-Hexane." GESTIS Substance Database. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
CHCl3 · NIST CAS lookup ↗
  1. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1999. "Chloroform." IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 73: 131–182. [link ↗]
  2. National Institute of Standards and Technology. n.d. "Methane, trichloro- (CAS 67-66-3)." NIST Chemistry WebBook. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
  3. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [link ↗]
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. [link ↗]
  5. IFA. n.d. "Chloroform." GESTIS Substance Database. Accessed April 25, 2026. [link ↗]
Théorie de la solubilité (appliquée à la prédiction de la compatibilité) :
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — Triplet HSP (dD, dP, dH) + formule Ra.
  3. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  4. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  5. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 62-53-3 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Bibliographie complète dans l'accordéon RÉFÉRENCES (en bas de la page) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

🛡️ Sécurité — CAS 62-53-3MolGod_SAFEHUB_MAIN
Avis sur les limitations des données. Les informations de sécurité figurant sur cette page sont fournies à titre indicatif et ne remplacent pas une fiche de données de sécurité (SDS) complète. Avant d'utiliser le produit, consultez la fiche de données de sécurité actuelle du fabricant ainsi que les directives GHS/CLP. La classification CLP s'applique à la substance pure en vrac, et non aux préparations commerciales.

Classification GHS/CLP — Règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008 + UN GHS Rev. 9 (2021).

⚠️ Danger
GHS05 — Corrosif
GHS05 Corrosif
GHS06 — Toxique
GHS06 Toxique
GHS07 — Irritant / nocif
GHS07 Irritant / nocif
GHS08 — Danger pour la santé
GHS08 Danger pour la santé
GHS09 — Danger pour l'environnement
GHS09 Danger pour l'environnement

🚨 Mentions de danger (H)

  • H351 — Susceptible de provoquer le cancer.
  • H341 — Susceptible d'induire des anomalies génétiques.
  • H331 — Toxique par inhalation.
  • H311 — Toxique par contact cutané.
  • H301 — Toxique en cas d'ingestion.
  • H372 — Risque avéré d'effets graves pour les organes à la suite d'expositions répétées ou d'une exposition prolongée.
  • H318 — Provoque des lésions oculaires graves.
  • H317 — Peut provoquer une allergie cutanée.
  • H400 — Très toxique pour les organismes aquatiques.

🛡 Conseils de prudence (P)

  • P203 — Se procurer, lire et suivre toutes les instructions de sécurité avant l’utilisation.

✓ Classification harmonisée conformément à l'annexe VI du règlement CLP (CE) 1272/2008 (classification officielle, contraignante). Numéro d'index : 612-008-00-7.

Référence (Chicago) : European Chemicals Agency. "aniline, Index No. 612-008-00-7." In Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), 23rd Adaptation to Technical Progress. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency, 2026. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp.

⚠ IARC — Groupe 2A: probablement cancérogène pour l'homme. (Évaluation indépendante des preuves de cancérogénicité par l'IARC/OMS — complète la classification CLP ci-dessus.)
Référence (Chicago) : IARC. 2026. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: CAS 62-53-3. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications/. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)

Traductions : Règlement CLP (CE) 1272/2008, Annexe III et IV. Données : PubChem/NLM.

📚 Références scientifiques consolidées — Chicago auteur-date 10 sources

Références collectées dans tous les onglets du Safety Hub. CAS : 62-53-3 · PubChem ↗

  1. Parlament Europejski i Rada UE. 2008. "Rozporządzenie (WE) nr 1272/2008 w sprawie klasyfikacji, oznakowania i pakowania substancji (CLP)." Dz.Urz. UE L 353. [↗] GHS, Réglementations
  2. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2021. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Ninth Revised Edition." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] GHS
  3. Goldfrank, Lewis R., Robert S. Hoffman, Mary Ann Howland, et al.. 2019. "Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11th ed.." McGraw-Hill Education, New York. ISBN 978-1-25-985961-8. Pierwsza pomoc, Toksykologia
  4. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2023. "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS Publ. 2005-149)." U.S. Department of Health and Human Services / CDC, Cincinnati, OH. [↗] Pierwsza pomoc, PPE, Toksykologia
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms." CEN, Brussels. [↗] PPE
  6. UNECE. 2023. "European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR 2025)." United Nations, Geneva. [↗] Utylizacja, Regulacje
  7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2022. "NFPA 400 — Hazardous Materials Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. [↗] Magazynowanie
  8. Urben, P.G. (ed.). 2017. "Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th ed.." Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier, Oxford. [↗] Magazynowanie
  9. Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska RP. 2023. "Baza danych o produktach i opakowaniach oraz o gospodarce odpadami (BDO)." Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, Warszawa. [↗] Utylizacja
  10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO). 2024. "IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans — List of Classifications." WHO, Lyon. [↗] Toksykologia

Les onglets possédant leurs propres références (Emergency, PPE, Storage, Waste) contiennent des entrées bibliographiques supplémentaires au sein de leurs sections respectives.

📈 Statistiques analytiques (test t · RSD · Grubbs · Q-Dixon) ICH Q2

Collez une série de mesures répétées (CSV ou un nombre par ligne). Le calculateur calculera la moyenne, l'écart-type, l'IC à 95 %, et détectera les valeurs aberrantes (Grubbs + Dixon Q).

Séparateur : virgule, espace, tabulation, nouvelle ligne. Min. 3 mesures.
📐 Formules statistiques
  • x̄ = Σxᵢ / n — moyenne arithmétique
  • s² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)² / (n-1) — variance de l'échantillon
  • s = √s² — écart-type
  • RSD% = (s / x̄) × 100% — écart-type relatif
  • CI₉₅ = x̄ ± t(0.05, n-1) × s / √n — Student's t
  • G = |xᵢ - x̄| / s — test de Grubbs
  • Q = |xsuspect - xnearest| / |xmax - xmin| — Dixon Q-test

Source : ICH Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures · ICH PDF ↗

🧪 Calculateur de recettes de tampons UNIQUE
Références : Valeurs de pKa issues de Goldberg NIST 81 · CRC Handbook 100th ed. · Stoll & Blanchard 1990 (DOI)

Choisissez un tampon dans la liste de 20 systèmes courants → saisissez le pH cible → vous obtiendrez une recette exacte avec les masses à peser.

Étape 1 : Choisissez un système tampon

📜 Historique des recettes (10 dernières)
🔬 Méthodes HPLC/GC (1 metoda)
📄
Comparative Phytochemical Studies on the Aerial Parts of Teucrium davaeanum Coss. and Teucrium zanonii Pamp.
GC-MSMolecules202686% ✓CC-BYResearch method (specificity, robustness)
Colonne : C18
Phase : mobile phase used was a MeOH–acetone–H2O (4:1:1, 500 mL) solvent system, and…
Détection : UV 400 nm
Débit : 10.00 mL/min
Temp. : 50.0 °C
Gradient: medium-pressure liquid chromatography (Büchi MPLC, equipped with C-601 and C-605…
Aldaba R, Hanoğlu A, Yiğit Hanoğlu D, Başer K, Öztürk M, Gören A, et al. Comparative Phytochemical Studies on the Aerial Parts of Teucrium davaeanum Coss. and Teucrium zanonii Pamp. Molecules. 2026;31:2196. doi:10.3390/molecules31122196
🔗 DOI🏠 PMC📚 PubMed📄 PDF
Phytochemical studies performed on the aerial parts of Teucrium davaeanum Coss. resulted in the isolation of an iridoid diglycoside, teucardoside; two phenylethanoid triglycosides, poliumoside and 3-O-methyl-poliumoside; a flavon C-diglycoside, vicenin-2 (apigenin-6,8-di-C-glycoside); and a newly described bisdesmosidic oleanane-type triterpene saponin, davaeanoside. Structure elucidations of all isolated metabolites are based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical derivatizations. The extract and isolated compounds (1–5) were tested for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. IC50 values were measured for all extracts and compounds and compared against acarbose. Results revealed weak or moderate α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity at the tested concentrations of the isolated compounds, especially compound 5. However, these findings do not exclude antidiabetic activity mediated by other mechanisms such as modulation of insulin signaling, enhancement of glucose uptake, or antioxidant effects. Further studies are warranted to explore these potential pathways. In addition, the essential oils of T. davaeanum and T. zanonii were obtained by hydrodistillation and simultaneously analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The major compounds of T. davaeanum essential oil were germacrene D (31.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (15.9%); the main compounds of T. zanonii were β-pinene (19.5%), α-muurolene (13.4%), oxo-7,8-dihydro-β-ionol (9.2%), and α-pinene (6.9%).
Lamiaceaeiridoidsphenylethanoidsflavonoidssaponinsantidiabetic activity
📈 Validation de la méthode (ICH Q2)

Aucune donnée de validation. Contactez l'auteur de la méthode.

Paramètres selon : ICH Q2(R2) ↗

🔧 Dépannage HPLC/GC
Pics larges / traînée
Causes : Colonne usée, mauvais pH de la phase, surcharge de la colonne, volume mort
Solution : Remplacer la colonne, vérifier le pH du tampon (±0.2), réduire le volume d'injection, vérifier les raccords
Dérive de la ligne de base
Causes : Phase mobile contaminée, gradient, température instable
Solution : Dégazer la phase, filtrer à 0.22 µm, stabiliser la température de la colonne, rincer le système
Aucun pic
Causes : Mauvaise longueur d'onde, la substance n'élue pas, décomposition thermique, mauvaise phase
Solution : Vérifiez λmax, allongez le gradient, abaissez la température, changez la phase mobile
Pics fantômes (ghost peaks)
Causes : Contamination du système, effet mémoire (carry-over), flacons contaminés
Solution : Nettoyer le système (MeOH/H₂O), utiliser des flacons neufs, injecter un blanc
Faible récupération
Causes : Adsorption sur les parois, extraction insuffisante, décomposition
Solution : Ajoutez un IS, silanisez la verrerie, optimisez l'extraction, vérifiez la stabilité

Sources : Snyder, Kirkland & Dolan ↗, Waters ↗

📊 Validation de la méthode HPLC (ICH Q2(R1)) PARTIAL

3 metrics need experimental data

Paramètre Valeur Unité Critère ICH Q2 Status
Linéarité (R²) aucune donnée unitless R² ≥ 0.999 (≥0.99 pour la bioanalytique) —
LOD (S/N = 3:1) aucune donnée ng/mL S/N ≥ 3:1 (concentration détectable la plus basse) —
LOQ (S/N = 10:1) aucune donnée ng/mL S/N ≥ 10:1 (LOQ ≥ 3×LOD typiquement) —
Précision (RSD intraday, n=6) aucune donnée % RSD RSD ≤ 2% (intraday) / ≤ 3% (interday) pour l'API —
Justesse (récupération, 3 niveaux) aucune donnée % (target 100±2%) Recovery 98-102% (target 100%) —
Plage de linéarité aucune donnée p. ex. 0.1-100 ng/mL Min. 80-120% de la concentration nominale —
Sélectivité/Spécificité aucune donnée qualitative Aucune interférence — pic d'analyte entièrement résolu (Rs ≥ 2.0) —
Robustesse (robustness) aucune donnée RSD < 2% à ±5% de variation RSD < 2% avec de petites variations de paramètres —
Légende : ✓ PASS ⚠ CAUTION ✗ FAIL — NO_DATA
📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date) — cliquez pour développer

Normes de validation des méthodes analytiques — 4 sources indépendantes (ICH + USP + AOAC + Snyder).

  1. International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). 2005. Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1). ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — Gold-standard ICH guideline — accepted by EMA, FDA, MHLW, NMPA
  2. United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Convention. 2024. USP General Chapter <621> Chromatography. USP-NF 2024 ed. USP. [link ↗]
  3. AOAC International. 2016. Appendix F: Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements. AOAC INTERNATIONAL. [link ↗] — AOAC SMPR — alternative to ICH Q2 for food/dietary supplements
  4. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-16754-0. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 [link ↗] — Industry standard textbook — Chapter 11 covers method validation
  5. Snyder, L. R., J. J. Kirkland, and J. L. Glajch. 1997. Practical HPLC Method Development. 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-00703-6. — Classic method-development reference (DryLab heritage).
  6. Rozet, Eric, et al.. 2013. Analysis of recent pharmaceutical regulatory documents on analytical method validation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.111 [link ↗] — Comparison of FDA / EMA / ICH validation expectations — used for ICH Q2(R1) interpretation.
  7. Heyden, Yvan Vander, et al.. 2009. Robustness of pharmaceutical liquid chromatographic methods. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.052 [link ↗] — Plackett-Burman design for robustness — basis of ICH Q2 §3.7.
  8. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists. 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-31378-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793 [link ↗] — Modern (UHPLC) update of validation chapter — practical RSD/LOD examples.
  9. Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 5th ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-68218-0. — European pharmacopeial perspective — complements USP/AOAC.
  10. Kazakevich, Yuri V., and Rosario LoBrutto, eds.. 2007. HPLC for Pharmaceutical Scientists. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-68162-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470087954 [link ↗] — Pharma-focused validation case studies (specificity, robustness).
  11. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2011. Guideline on bioanalytical method validation EMEA/CHMP/EWP/192217/2009. EMA Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. [link ↗] — EMA bioanalytical companion to ICH Q2(R1) for clinical samples.

· ⚠ Avertissements réglementaires SVHC/REACH ↑

🔧 Dépannage HPLC — arbre de décision 6 problèmes courants

Diagnostic des 12 problèmes HPLC les plus courants avec un arbre de décision (5 étapes par problème). Source : Snyder/Kirkland/Dolan 3rd ed. Chapter 17 + LCGC LC Troubleshooting columns 1989-2024.

Pics élargis (broad peaks) medium

Symptôme : Tous les pics du chromatogramme sont plus larges que prévu (FWHM > 2× la normale)

🔍 Arbre diagnostique :
  1. 1. Vérifiez si tous les pics sont élargis ou seulement certains
    → OUI : Tous → problème instrumental (colonne ou système)
    → NON : Seulement certains → problème de chimie (interaction avec la colonne pour des analytes spécifiques)
  2. 2. Remplacez par une colonne de test — le problème disparaît-il ?
    → OUI : COLONNE usée — garnissage endommagé, void dans les premiers mm. Remplacez-la.
    → NON : Problème dans le système LC
  3. 3. Vérifiez le volume mort (dead volume) — boucle d'injection, connexions, détecteur
    → OUI : Boucle > 100 µL pour une colonne de 4.6 mm ou connexions desserrées → remplacez les ferrules, raccourcissez les tubes
    → NON : Continuer le diagnostic
  4. 4. Test de température : augmentez la colonne de 25°C à 40°C
    → OUI : Pics plus étroits → cinétique de transfert de masse trop lente (augmentez T)
    → NON : Continue
  5. 5. Vérifiez le débit par rapport à l'optimum de van Deemter pour cette colonne
    → OUI : Optimum pour 4.6mm/5µm = 1.0 mL/min, pour 2.1mm/3µm = 0.4 mL/min
    → NON : Continue
⚠️ Causes courantes :
  • Colonne usée (>2000 injections sans précolonne)
  • Volume mort du système > 100 µL (mauvaise boucle, tubes longs, ferrules desserrées)
  • Température trop basse (cinétique de transfert de masse)
  • Débit hors de l'optimum de van Deemter
  • Solvant d'échantillon plus fort que la phase A
✓ Solutions :
  • ✓ Remplacez la colonne (si >2000 injections)
  • ✓ Vérifiez toutes les connexions — tubes aussi courts que possible
  • ✓ Augmentez la T de la colonne à 40°C (si la substance est stable)
  • ✓ Réduisez le débit à l'optimum de van Deemter
  • ✓ Dissolvez l'échantillon dans la phase A (pas dans un solvant organique pur)
Traînée des pics (tailing, T > 1.5) high

Symptôme : Les pics présentent une "traînée" allongée du côté de l'élution tardive (asymétrie T = b/a > 1.5 selon l'USP)

🔍 Arbre diagnostique :
  1. 1. La substance contient-elle des groupes basiques (amino, pyridine) ?
    → OUI : Oui → interactions silanol ! Ajoutez 0.1% de TFA ou 5-10 mM de TEA à la phase A.
    → NON : Continue
  2. 2. Vérifiez le pH de la phase mobile par rapport au pKa de la substance
    → OUI : pH = pKa ± 1 → ionisation partielle, peak split. Placez le pH à ≥ 2 unités du pKa.
    → NON : Continue
  3. 3. Vérifiez l'âge de la colonne (>1500 injections ?)
    → OUI : Oui → silanols exposés (column bleed). Remplacez par une colonne à endcapping supérieur (XTerra, Symmetry).
    → NON : Continue
  4. 4. L'échantillon contient-il des métaux (Fe, Cu provenant des flacons en verre) ?
    → OUI : Oui → utilisez des flacons incolores de type II ou en PFA. EDTA 0.1mM dans l'échantillon.
    → NON : Continue
⚠️ Causes courantes :
  • Interactions silanol (analyte basique + silanols libres du gel de silice)
  • pH à la limite du pKa de l'analyte (peak split)
  • Colonne ancienne (column bleed, activité silanol élevée)
  • Métaux dans l'échantillon (chélation → traînée)
  • Surcharge de la colonne (>50 µg sur une colonne de 4.6mm)
✓ Solutions :
  • ✓ Ajoutez 0.1% de TFA (UV) ou 0.1% d'acide formique (LC-MS) à la phase A
  • ✓ Choisissez une colonne à endcapping haute pureté : Waters XBridge BEH, Phenomenex Kinetex
  • ✓ Travaillez à un pH ≥ 2 unités du pKa
  • ✓ EDTA 0.1mM dans l'échantillon (chélation Fe/Cu)
  • ✓ Réduisez le volume d'injection à ≤ 20 µL pour une colonne de 4.6mm
Dérive de la ligne de base (baseline drift) medium

Symptôme : La ligne de base monte ou descend systématiquement pendant >5 minutes

🔍 Arbre diagnostique :
  1. 1. Utilisez-vous un gradient (B% augmente) ?
    → OUI : Oui → absorption différente des phases A vs B à dλ. Changement de solvant dans la coupure UV. Vérifiez l'absorbance UV du % d'organique.
    → NON : Continuer (isocratique)
  2. 2. Vérifiez la température de la colonne — est-elle stable à ±0.5°C ?
    → OUI : Oui (stable) → continuer
    → NON : Instable → activez le thermostat de colonne (>25°C contrôlé)
  3. 3. Test : coupez l'échantillonneur automatique, faites fonctionner seuls pompe+colonne+détecteur
    → OUI : La dérive disparaît → contamination de l'échantillonneur automatique (nettoyage de l'aiguille, septum)
    → NON : Continue
  4. 4. Vérifiez l'âge de la lampe (D2 pour UV)
    → OUI : Oui (>1500 heures) → remplacez la lampe
    → NON : Continue
⚠️ Causes courantes :
  • Élution en gradient avec coupure UV différente des phases
  • T de colonne instable
  • Contamination de l'aiguille/septum de l'échantillonneur automatique
  • Lampe UV ancienne (>1500h)
  • Cellule à circulation du détecteur encrassée
  • Colonne non équilibrée (<10 volumes de colonne)
✓ Solutions :
  • ✓ Pré-équilibrez la colonne sur 10-15 volumes de colonne à 100% A
  • ✓ Thermostat de colonne activé, T 30-40°C stable
  • ✓ Nettoyez la cellule à circulation du détecteur avec une solution 50:50 ACN:H2O
  • ✓ Remplacez la lampe D2 si >1500h
  • ✓ Utilisez la soustraction de ligne de base (Chromeleon, fonction native d'Empower)
Absence de pic / pic perdu (no peak) critical

Symptôme : Le pic d'analyte attendu n'apparaît pas sur le chromatogramme

🔍 Arbre diagnostique :
  1. 1. L'injection a-t-elle réellement eu lieu ?
    → OUI : Vérifiez le journal du passeur d'échantillons, la pression des pompes (elle devrait chuter lors de l'injection)
    → NON : Problème de passeur d'échantillons → vérifiez la boucle, l'aiguille, l'échantillon dans le flacon
  2. 2. L'échantillon est-il dans le flacon (volume correct, non évaporé) ?
    → OUI : Continue
    → NON : Pas d'échantillon — repipetez
  3. 3. Stabilité de l'échantillon — préparé il y a >24h ?
    → OUI : Oui → dégradation. Préparez un nouvel échantillon frais.
    → NON : Continue
  4. 4. Vérifiez la longueur d'onde de détection par rapport au λmax de la substance
    → OUI : La détection à λ ne correspond PAS au λmax → pas de signal. Scannez le DAD 200-400nm.
    → NON : Continue
  5. 5. Test : injectez un étalon pur (de concentration connue, frais)
    → OUI : L'étalon donne un pic → problème avec l'échantillon (matrice, dérivatisation)
    → NON : Pas de pic même avec l'étalon → problème du système (colonne, phase, gradient)
⚠️ Causes courantes :
  • Échantillon non prélevé du flacon (bug du passeur d'échantillons)
  • Échantillon dégradé (>24h pH/temp/lumière)
  • Détection à la mauvaise longueur d'onde
  • Phase mobile incorrecte (p. ex. TFA oublié)
  • Colonne inversée / phase stationnaire incorrecte
  • La substance est éluée au front (V0) → non retenue, non visible
✓ Solutions :
  • ✓ Préparez un nouvel échantillon frais selon le protocole exact
  • ✓ Scan UV-Vis DAD 200-400nm + recherche du λmax
  • ✓ Vérifiez la composition de la phase mobile — le TFA a-t-il été ajouté ?
  • ✓ Testez le sens inverse de la colonne (prudemment !)
  • ✓ Pour une rétention <1 min — abaissez le % B, MeOH au lieu d'ACN
  • ✓ Vérifiez la table "expected_rt" dans wp_molgod_hplc_methods
Pression trop élevée (pressure too high) critical

Symptôme : Pression des pompes > 80% du maximum de la colonne ou arrêt du système avec une erreur de haute pression

🔍 Arbre diagnostique :
  1. 1. Vérifiez que la colonne est raccordée correctement (sens de la flèche)
    → OUI : OK
    → NON : Colonne inversée → retournez-la (ne jamais l'utiliser "à l'envers")
  2. 2. Test : retirez la colonne du système, faites tourner la pompe+le détecteur seuls
    → OUI : La pression chute à <50 bar → problème dans la colonne (bouchée)
    → NON : La pression reste élevée → filtre en ligne bouché, fritte encrassée
  3. 3. Vérifiez le filtre de pré-colonne (fritte en ligne)
    → OUI : Encrassé et brun → remplacez-le
    → NON : Continue
  4. 4. Rincez la colonne à contre-courant avec 50:50 ACN:H2O sans la colonne — cela disparaît-il ?
    → OUI : Particules coincées dans le premier mm — un rinçage de 30 min peut la récupérer
    → NON : Remplacez la colonne
⚠️ Causes courantes :
  • Filtre en ligne (fritte) bouché par des particules
  • Relargage du tampon (précipitation à un % B élevé)
  • L'échantillon contient des matières en suspension (filtrer à 0.22 µm avant l'injection)
  • Colonne bouchée (column bed compaction)
  • Gradient avec phase tampon + beaucoup d'organique → précipitation de sel
✓ Solutions :
  • ✓ Filtrez TOUJOURS l'échantillon à 0.22 µm PVDF avant l'injection
  • ✓ Remplacez le filtre en ligne toutes les 100 injections (ou lorsque la pression augmente de >20%)
  • ✓ N'utilisez PAS >20mM de tampon phosphate + >70% d'ACN (le sel précipite)
  • ✓ Rincez la colonne 30 min avec 50:50 ACN:H2O en sens inverse (lorsque le fabricant l'autorise)
  • ✓ Pré-colonne 4×3mm pour protéger la colonne principale
Pics fantômes (ghost peaks) high

Symptôme : Pics inexpliqués sur le chromatogramme, absents de la calibration

🔍 Arbre diagnostique :
  1. 1. Test : injection à blanc (solvant pur de l'échantillon)
    → OUI : Un pic fantôme apparaît → contamination du système ou des éluants
    → NON : Apparaît uniquement avec l'échantillon → matrice
  2. 2. Le pic fantôme croît-il avec le gradient (élue à % B élevé) ?
    → OUI : Oui → colonne surchargée ou composé fortement retenu d'un cycle précédent
    → NON : Indépendant du gradient → effet mémoire (carryover) du passeur d'échantillons
  3. 3. Increase carryover wash (between injections)
    → OUI : Cela aide → l'effet mémoire (carryover) était en cause. Protocole de lavage plus puissant.
    → NON : Continue
  4. 4. Injection d'eau pure — y a-t-il un pic ?
    → OUI : Oui → contamination de la source d'eau (organiques provenant du système DI)
    → NON : Continue
⚠️ Causes courantes :
  • Effet mémoire (carryover) dans l'aiguille/la boucle du passeur d'échantillons
  • Contamination de l'éluant (même de qualité HPLC)
  • Composants fortement retenus de cycles précédents
  • Plastique dans les flacons (phtalates, PEG des capuchons)
  • Eau DI insuffisamment purifiée
✓ Solutions :
  • ✓ Renforcez le protocole de lavage : 100% B → 100% A → 50:50 (3 cycles)
  • ✓ Lavage puissant : DMSO 100% ou MeOH 100% avant la calibration
  • ✓ Filtrez les éluants à 0.22 µm PTFE en cas de doute
  • ✓ Utilisez du verre ambré + des capuchons à revêtement Téflon pour les échantillons
  • ✓ Rampe de gradient périodique jusqu'à 100% B pendant 10 min (nettoyage)
📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date) — cliquez pour développer
  1. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 17 (Troubleshooting) pp. 559-616. ISBN 978-0-470-16754-0. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 [link ↗]
  2. Dolan, John W.. 2014. LC Troubleshooting (monthly column 1989-2024). LCGC North America. [link ↗] — John Dolan 35-letnia seria miesięcznych artykułów problemowych
  3. Kromidas, Stavros. 2017. HPLC Made to Measure: A Practical Handbook for Optimization. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-31377-1. — Praktyczny przewodnik problem-solving dla labs analitycznych
  4. Dolan, John W.. 2013. When to Modify Method Conditions. 192-199. [link ↗] — Decision flow for changing flow rate / temperature / %B vs swapping columns.
  5. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists. 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-31378-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793 [link ↗] — Chapter 9 covers troubleshooting modern UHPLC systems (sub-2 µm particles).
  6. Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. 5th ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-68218-0. — Solid step-by-step problem isolation chapter (eluents, columns, instruments).
  7. Snyder, L. R., J. J. Kirkland, and J. L. Glajch. 1997. Practical HPLC Method Development. 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-00703-6. — Method-development companion volume with troubleshooting cross-refs.
  8. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. The new physical chemistry of HPLC. 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 [link ↗] — Theoretical basis for diagnosing efficiency losses (mass-transfer, eddy diffusion).
  9. Heyden, Yvan Vander, et al.. 2009. Robustness of pharmaceutical liquid chromatographic methods. 2120-2129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.052 [link ↗] — How to diagnose method failures vs. system failures (Plackett-Burman).
  10. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. 100 Years of Chromatography. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-33473-5. — Historical context for ghost-peak phenomenology (silica chemistry).
  11. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial. 519-531. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03506 [link ↗]
  12. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. The new physical chemistry of HPLC. 1764-1772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 [link ↗]
  13. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations. 1167-1182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700026 [link ↗]
  14. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. 100 Years of Chromatography. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-33473-5.
  15. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography. 8525-8531. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101742z [link ↗]
🧪 Solubilité et compatibilité avec les solvants MolGod_SOLUB_1
Molécule
Aniline
Formule
C6H7N
logP
0.90
Masse (g/mol)
93.13
Polarité
Modérée

⚠️ Compatibilité selon les paramètres de Hansen (δD/δP/δH) — valeurs de la littérature. Données indicatives, à vérifier expérimentalement.

Solvant Compat. Ra Visuel GC-MS HPLC Applications Références
Water (H₂O)− Faible34.8
✗ NieA (aqueous) (RP)
tamponculture cellulaireanalytiqueextraction (hydrophile)
Ethanol (EtOH)− Faible12.3
✗ NieA/B modifier (RP/NP)
extractionspectroscopie (UV-Vis)synthèsemodificateur HPLC
Methanol (MeOH)− Faible16.5
✗ NieA/B (RP) (RP)
HPLC (eluent)LC-MSKarl FischerUV-transparent do 205 nm
Acetone~ Moy.10.0
✗ NieB modifier (NP)
GC headspacecristallisationdégraissagesynthèse
Acetonitrile (ACN)− Faible15.8
✗ NieB (RP) (RP)
éluant HPLC (référence absolue)LC-MS (wolny cut-off UV 190 nm)analyse des peptides
DMSO~ Moy.11.5
✗ NieN/A (N/A)
NMR (d6-DMSO)biologie cellulaire (cryoconservation)administration de médicamentssynthèse
THF+ Bonne5.7
✗ NieB (NP) (NP)
GPC/SEC (analyse des polymères)synthèse de Grignardorganométalliques
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)+ Bonne4.9
✓ TakB (NP) (NP)
extractionNP-HPLCGC-MScristallisation (anti-solvant)
Chloroform (CHCl₃)+ Bonne5.9
✓ TakN/A (toxic) (N/A)
NMR (CDCl3)extraction des lipides (méthode de Folch)NP-TLC
Hexane− Faible14.5
✓ TakA (NP) (NP)
NP-HPLCextraction des huiles (lipides)GC-MSTLC (NP)
Toluene~ Moy.9.4
✓ TakB (NP) (NP)
NMR (d8-toluene)synthèseséchage azéotropique Dean-Stark
📚 Références scientifiques pour les solvants (Chicago Author-Date) — cliquez pour développer

11 solvants × 5 sources scientifiques indépendantes (NIST/CRC/IARC/Hansen/Reichardt/Smallwood/Wypych/Armarego/Snyder/GESTIS). 55+ citations complètes ci-dessous.

Water (H₂O)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Water (CAS 7732-18-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 104th ed., Sec. 8 (Properties of Water)
  3. IAPWS — IAPWS Release on Static Dielectric Constant of Water
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Water
Ethanol (EtOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Ethanol (CAS 64-17-5)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Ethanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — Ethanol eluotropic
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Ethanol
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Ethanol
Methanol (MeOH)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Methanol (CAS 67-56-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Methanol physical constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — MeOH eluotropic, eo=0.95
  4. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Methanol
Acetone
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetone (CAS 67-64-1)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetone physical & thermodynamic constants
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Acetone (dD=15.5, dP=10.4, dH=7.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Acetone
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetone
Acetonitrile (ACN)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
  2. CRC — CRC Handbook — Acetonitrile constants
  3. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — ACN gold-standard HPLC eluent
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — ACN dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Acetonitrile
DMSO
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — DMSO (CAS 67-68-5)
  2. Wypych 2019 — Handbook of Solvents Vol. 1 — DMSO comprehensive properties
  3. Hansen 2007 — HSP — DMSO (dD=18.4, dP=16.4, dH=10.2)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DMSO E_T(30)=45.1, dipolar aprotic
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — DMSO
THF
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — THF (CAS 109-99-9)
  2. Armarego 2009 — Purification of Laboratory Chemicals — THF drying & peroxide test
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — THF (dD=16.8, dP=5.7, dH=8.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — THF
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Tetrahydrofuran
DCM (CH₂Cl₂)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Dichloromethane (CAS 75-09-2)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — DCM (Group 2A carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — DCM (dD=18.2, dP=6.3, dH=6.1)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — DCM polarity index
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Dichloromethane
Chloroform (CHCl₃)
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Chloroform (CAS 67-66-3)
  2. IARC 73 — IARC Monograph 73 — Chloroform (Group 2B carcinogen)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — CHCl3 (dD=17.8, dP=3.1, dH=5.7)
  4. Reichardt 2011 — Solvents and Solvent Effects — CHCl3 H-bond donor strength
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Chloroform
n-Hexane
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3)
  2. ATSDR n-Hexane — ATSDR Toxicological Profile for n-Hexane — neuropatia obwodowa (n-Heksan NIE jest kancerogenem IARC)
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — n-Hexane (dD=14.9, dP=0, dH=0)
  4. Snyder & Kirkland — Modern Liquid Chromatography — n-Hexane NP standard, eo=0.00
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — n-Hexane
Toluene
  1. NIST — NIST Chemistry WebBook — Toluene (CAS 108-88-3)
  2. IARC 71 — IARC Monograph 71 — Toluene
  3. Hansen 2007 — Hansen Solubility Parameters — Toluene (dD=18.0, dP=1.4, dH=2.0)
  4. Smallwood — Handbook of Organic Solvent Properties — Toluene
  5. GESTIS — GESTIS Substance Database — Toluene
Théorie de la solubilité (appliquée à la prédiction de la compatibilité) :
  1. Yalkowsky, Samuel H., and Shri C. Valvani. 1980. "Solubility and Partitioning I: Solubility of Nonelectrolytes in Water." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 69 (8): 912–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600690814 — General Solubility Equation (GSE): logS = 0.5 − logP − 0.01(MP−25).
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006834 — Triplet HSP (dD, dP, dH) + formule Ra.
  3. Stefanis, E., and C. Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." Int J Thermophys 29: 568–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z
  4. Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. 2011. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley-VCH. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220 — E_T(30) polarity scale, solwatochromia.
  5. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. 3rd ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 — Eluotropic series, polarity index.
  6. Van Krevelen, D. W., and K. Te Nijenhuis. 2009. Properties of Polymers. 4th ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-054819-7.X0001-5 — Hoftyzer–Van Krevelen group contribution dla dD/dP/dH z SMILES.
  7. Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. The Properties of Solvents. Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry, Vol. 4. ISBN 9780471983699 — Ensemble tabulaire complet de 250+ solvants (ε, μ, donicité, nombres accepteurs).
  8. PubChem Compound Database — CAS 62-53-3 lookup ↗ — logP (XLogP3), water solubility experimental + predicted.

Bibliographie complète dans l'accordéon RÉFÉRENCES (en bas de la page) — Chicago Manual of Style 17th ed., Author-Date.

📚 FAQ technique — Aniline (5) MolGod_TECHFAQ_1
❓ Jak przygotować roztwór standardowy aniliny o stężeniu 0,1 mol/L?
Aby przygotować roztwór standardowy aniliny (C6H7N) o stężeniu 0,1 mol/L, należy obliczyć masę substancji potrzebną do sporządzenia 1 litra roztworu. Masa molowa aniliny wynosi 93,13 g/mol. Stężenie 0,1 mol/L oznacza, że w 1 litrze roztworu powinno znajdować się 0,1 mola aniliny. Masa potrzebnej substancji to: 0,1 mol * 93,13 g/mol = 9,313 g. Należy odważyć 9,313 g aniliny i rozpuścić w wodzie destylowanej, a następnie uzupełnić do objętości 1 litra.
Utile ?
❓ Jak przechowywać anilinę, aby zachować jej stabilność?
Anilina powinna być przechowywana w temperaturze pokojowej (15-25°C), z dala od światła słonecznego i źródeł ciepła. Należy ją trzymać w szczelnie zamkniętym pojemniku, najlepiej z ciemnego szkła, aby ograniczyć degradację spowodowaną fotooksydacją. Wilgotność powietrza nie powinna być zbyt wysoka, ale standardowe warunki laboratoryjne są zwykle wystarczające.
Utile ?
❓ Jaka metoda analityczna jest najlepsza do oznaczania stężenia aniliny w roztworze?
Dla aniliny o masie molowej 93,13 g/mol i logP około 4,5 (wartość przybliżona), zalecaną metodą analityczną jest wysokosprawna chromatografia cieczowa (HPLC). Anilina jest związkiem polarnym i umiarkowanie lotnym, co sprawia, że HPLC z odpowiednią fazą stacjonarną (np. C18 lub polarne fazy odwrócone) jest optymalna do jej oznaczania. GC mogłaby być stosowana tylko po odpowiedniej derywatyzacji, co nie jest konieczne w przypadku HPLC.
Utile ?
❓ Jakie są główne reakcje i niezgodności chemiczne aniliny?
Anilina jest podatna na utlenianie, szczególnie w obecności tlenu z powietrza, co prowadzi do powstawania produktów polimeryzacji. Reaguje również z kwasami, tworząc sole (np. chlorek aniliny). Nie należy jej mieszać z silnymi utleniaczami (np. nadmanganianem potasu) ani zasadami w wysokich stężeniach, które mogą prowadzić do niepożądanych reakcji. W roztworach wodnych może ulegać protonacji, tworząc jon anilinowy (C6H7NH+).
Utile ?
❓ W jakich zastosowaniach laboratoryjnych wykorzystuje się anilinę?
Anilina jest szeroko stosowana jako substrat w syntezie organicznej, np. do otrzymywania barwników, leków (np. sulfonamidów) i tworzyw sztucznych. W laboratoriach analitycznych używa się jej jako wzorca w metodach chromatograficznych oraz jako odczynnika w reakcjach chemicznych, np. do oznaczania twardości wody (reakcja z jodkiem potasu). Jest również wykorzystywana w badaniach biologicznych jako związek modelowy do testów toksyczności.
Utile ?
🧮 Calculateurs de laboratoire (8) MolGod_LABCALC_1
Dilution (C₁V₁=C₂V₂)
Molarité (M=n/V)
Tampon pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Beer-Lambert (A=εcl)
Masse → Moles
Concentration % → M
ppm → mg/L
Température C↔F↔K

Formules vérifiées : IUPAC Gold Book ↗, DOI ↗

📊 Bases de spectres spectroscopiques MolGod_SPECDB_3
📋 Générateur de protocole de laboratoire MolGod_PROTOCOL_1

Protocole généré à partir de : GHS SDS, Aldrich Lab Guide ↗

🏷️ Générateur d'étiquette (QR) MolGod_LABEL_1
Aniline• ANILINE / Benzenamine• CAS: 62-53-3• Formule: C6H7N• Masse: 93.13 g/molDANGERMENTIONS DE DANGER GHS :H351: Susceptible de provoquer le cancer.H341: Susceptible d'induire des anomalies génétiques.H331: Toxique par inhalation.H311: Toxique par contact cutané.DH ScientificScience first. Commerce as consequence.N° de lot: Masse nette: Fabr.:
ADMET — Profil pharmacologique

Diagramme radar de drug-likeness (Lipinski Ro5 / Veber). Zone verte = conformité aux critères.

Données prédictives — propriétés calculées in silico (SMILES/RDKit). Elles ne remplacent pas les études cliniques. Ne pas utiliser pour l'évaluation des médicaments sans vérification expérimentale.

MW93.1LogP0.9HBD1HBA1RotB0TPSA26 Ų
✓ Lipinski Ro5✓ Veber✓ Egan✗ Ghose (MW=93)✗ REOS (MW=93)✓ Lead-like Ro3
PropriétéValeurÉvaluation
Absorption (GI)élevée✓
Perméabilité BHEoui (traverse)
Biodisponibilité (Daina 2017)
55%
CYP450 profileCYP1A2 non-inhibitorCYP2C9 non-inhibitorCYP2C19 non-inhibitorCYP2D6 non-inhibitorCYP3A4 non-inhibitor
Alertes PAINS0✓
Alertes Brenk0✓
pKa (pH 7.4)4.62 (curated)
hERG (cardiotox.)✓ non
Substrat de la P-gp—
Mutagénicité Ames✓ non
DILI (hépatotox.)—
LogS (solub. aq.)—
Sources (méthodologie ADMET)
  1. Lipinski, Christopher A., Franco Lombardo, Beryl W. Dominy, and Paul J. Feeney. 1997. "Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 23 (1-3): 3-25.
  2. Veber, Daniel F., Stephen R. Johnson, Hung-Yuan Cheng, et al. 2002. "Molecular properties that influence the oral bioavailability of drug candidates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45 (12): 2615-2623.
  3. Daina, Antoine, Olivier Michielin, and Vincent Zoete. 2017. "SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness." Scientific Reports 7: 42717.
  4. Egan, William J., and Gregory Lauri. 2002. "Prediction of intestinal permeability." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 273-289.
  5. Baell, Jonathan B., and Georgina A. Holloway. 2010. "New substructure filters for removal of pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) from screening libraries." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 53 (7): 2719-2740.
  6. Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, et al. 2008. "Lessons learnt from assembling screening libraries for drug discovery for neglected diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
  7. Ertl, Peter, and Ansgar Schuffenhauer. 2009. "Estimation of synthetic accessibility score of drug-like molecules based on molecular complexity and fragment contributions." Journal of Cheminformatics 1: 8.
  8. Bickerton, G. Richard, Gaia V. Paolini, Jérémy Besnard, Sorel Muresan, and Andrew L. Hopkins. 2012. "Quantifying the Chemical Beauty of Drugs." Nature Chemistry 4 (2): 90-98.
  9. Hopkins, Andrew L., and Colin R. Groom. 2002. "The Druggable Genome." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1 (9): 727-730.
  10. Ghose, Arup K., Vellarkad N. Viswanadhan, and John J. Wendoloski. 1999. "A Knowledge-Based Approach in Designing Combinatorial or Medicinal Chemistry Libraries for Drug Discovery." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 1 (1): 55-68.
  11. Tice, Raymond R., Christopher P. Austin, Robert J. Kavlock, and John R. Bucher. 2013. "Improving the Human Hazard Characterization of Chemicals: A Tox21 Update." Environmental Health Perspectives 121 (7): 756-765.
  12. Leeson, Paul D., and Brian Springthorpe. 2007. "The Influence of Drug-Like Concepts on Decision-Making in Medicinal Chemistry." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 6 (11): 881-890.
  13. Hann, Michael M. 2011. "Molecular Obesity, Potency and Other Addictions in Drug Discovery." MedChemComm 2 (5): 349-355.
  14. Davies, Mark, Michał Nowotka, George Papadatos, et al. 2015. "ChEMBL Web Services: Streamlining Access to Drug Discovery Data and Utilities." Nucleic Acids Research 43 (W1): W612-W620.
  15. Walters, W. Patrick, and Mark A. Murcko. 2002. "Prediction of 'Drug-Likeness.'". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54 (3): 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00003-0.
  16. Congreve, Miles, Robin Carr, Christopher Murray, and Harren Jhoti. 2003. "A 'Rule of Three' for Fragment-Based Lead Discovery?" Drug Discovery Today 8 (19): 876–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6446(03)02831-9.
  17. Brenk, Ruth, Alessandro Schipani, Daniel James, Agata Krasowski, Iain Hugh Gilbert, Julie Frearson, and Paul Graham Wyatt. 2008. "Lessons Learnt from Assembling Screening Libraries for Drug Discovery for Neglected Diseases." ChemMedChem 3 (3): 435-444.
  18. Schomburg, Karen T., Sascha Bietz, Hans Briem, Andrea M. Henzler, Stefan Urbaczek, and Matthias Rarey. 2014. "Facing the Challenges of Structure-Based Target Prediction by Inverse Virtual Screening." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 54 (6): 1676-1686.
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  40. et al. 2026. "Confined Oxidative Polymerization of Preorganized Aniline Within Cyclodextrin-Based Bimolecular Tube Nanochannels for the Synthesis of Bispolypseudorotaxanes." DOI: 10.3390/molecules31183353. [DOI ↗]
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  51. Anonymous. "Automotive fuels - Information on aniline, N-methyl aniline, N-ethyl aniline, N,N di-methyl aniline and secondary-butyl acetate when used as blending components in unleaded petrol.". https://doi.org/10.3403/30406948. [DOI ↗]
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  55. et al. 2026. "2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline-Derived Schiff Base Palladium(II) Complexes: From Molecular Design to Acute Toxicity Assessment." DOI: 10.1002/open.70315. [DOI ↗]
  56. B. Brinkmann, R. Bartsch, S. Michaelsen et al. 2025. "Aniline – Addendum: Re-evaluation of the BAT value and evaluation of a pregnancy risk group for the BAT value." MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. DOI: 10.34865/bb6253e10_1ad. [DOI ↗]
  57. et al. 2025. "Optimization of photochemical decomposition of aniline in aqueous solutions and assessment of effluent toxicity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853." DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-29156-2. [DOI ↗]
  58. Robinson, Jim, Dr., Woodruff, D. P., Bradley, M. K. (Matthew K.). 2013. "Identifying the Azobenzene/Aniline reaction intermediate on TiO2-(110) : a DFT Study." American Chemical Society. DOI: 10.1021/jp402461g. [DOI ↗]
  59. N. Hudson, G. S. Dotson. 2015. "NIOSH skin notation (SK) profile : Aniline [CAS No. 62-53-3]."
  60. "Aniline - ToxFAQs : CAS # 62-53-3 [Spanish]."
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  75. Sridharan, Kannan, Al Banna, Rashed, Husain, Aysha. 2021. "Evaluation of pharmacokinetics of warfarin from validated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model." ADMET and DMPK. https://doi.org/10.5599/admet.909. [DOI ↗]
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  77. Groom, Colin R., Ian J. Bruno, Matthew P. Lightfoot, and Suzanna C. Ward. 2016. "The Cambridge Structural Database." Acta Crystallographica Section B 72 (2): 171-179. ↗
🧪 Assistant de préparation de solution (Smart Prep) MolGod_PREP_2

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📚 Aperçu de la littérature scientifique — CAS 62-53-3MolGod_LITHUB_MAIN
⭐ Principales découvertes (littérature scientifique) 20 publications
🏆 CAS 62-53-3 — multi-criteria ranking (W12): 30% citations · 20% actualité · 20% thème · 15% historique · 15% open access.
  1. #1
    et al. (2026) · Materials
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 9.45 Mécanisme Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  2. #2
    Yue Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Jing Yuan et al. (2026) · Molbank
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 9.45 Analytique Open Access DOI ↗
  3. #3
    et al. (2025) · RSC Advances
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2025) · open access
    SCORE 7.95 Mécanisme Citations : 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  4. #4
    et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2025) · open access
    SCORE 7.15 Mécanisme Citations : 1 Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  5. #5
    et al. (2026) · ChemistryOpen
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Analytique Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  6. #6
    et al. (2026) · Molecules
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Mécanisme Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  7. #7
    et al. (2026) · BMC Chemistry
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Mécanisme Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  8. #8
    et al. (2026) · Antioxidants
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Mécanisme Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  9. #9
    Camil Dali-Youcef; Shrinivas Jahagirdar; Roderick C. Jones (2026)
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Mécanisme Open Access DOI ↗
  10. #10
    Alaa Joied Hamad, Sura Hamid Kathim, Lubna Ghalib et al. (2026) · Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 7.05 Mécanisme Open Access DOI ↗
  11. #11
    et al. (2026) · Microorganisms
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2026) · open access
    SCORE 6.25 Mécanisme Open Access DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  12. #12
    Muthuamirthambal Selvaraj, Binduja Panja, Rejila J et al. (2025) · arXiv (2509.08305v1)
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2025) · open access
    SCORE 6.25 Mécanisme Open Access
  13. #13
    Robinson, Jim, Dr., Woodruff, D. P., Bradley, M. K. (Matthew K.) (2013) · American Chemical Society
    Pourquoi c'est important : Open access
    SCORE 5.86 Mécanisme Citations : 7 Open Access DOI ↗
  14. #14
    Andrea Hartwig (2025) · MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2025)
    SCORE 4.9 Pharmacologie Citations : 1 DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  15. #15
    Shi Y; Zhang K (2022) · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
    Pourquoi c'est important : Citation obligatoire (canon)
    SCORE 4.4 Analytique MUST-CITE DOI ↗
  16. #16
    B. Brinkmann, R. Bartsch, S. Michaelsen et al. (2025) · MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2025)
    SCORE 4 Mécanisme DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  17. #17
    B. Brinkmann, R. Bartsch, S. Michaelsen et al. (2025) · MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety
    Pourquoi c'est important : Récente (2025)
    SCORE 4 Mécanisme DOI ↗ PubMed ↗
  18. #18
    NIOSH skin notation (SK) profile : Aniline [CAS No. 62-53-3]
    N. Hudson, G. S. Dotson (2015)
    Pourquoi c'est important : Sélectionné par un score multicritère (citations + actualité + thème + historique + OA).
    SCORE 1.5 Mécanisme
  19. #19
    Aniline - ToxFAQs : CAS # 62-53-3 [Spanish]
    Pourquoi c'est important : Sélectionné par un score multicritère (citations + actualité + thème + historique + OA).
    SCORE 0 Mécanisme
  20. #20
    Aniline - ToxFAQs : CAS # 62-53-3
    Pourquoi c'est important : Sélectionné par un score multicritère (citations + actualité + thème + historique + OA).
    SCORE 0 Mécanisme
📈 Gradient HPLC — optimiseur (LSS) MODÈLE

Gradient basé sur PubChem XLogP3 + LSS (Snyder et al. 2010, chap. 9).

  • Colonne: C18
  • Tampon: phosphate
  • Débit: 1 mL/min
  • logP: 0.9 (PubChem XLogP3)
  • Rampe: 12% → 95% B, 10 min
  • Temps d'analyse total: 23 min
t (min) %A %B flow (mL/min) Commentaire
0 88 12 1 début (équilibre)
2 88 12 1 fin du palier initial
12 5 95 1 fin de la rampe LSS
17 5 95 1 lavage de la colonne
18 88 12 1 retour à init
23 88 12 1 rééquilibrage
📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Snyder, Lloyd R., John W. Dolan, and Joseph J. Kirkland. 2010. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. Wiley. — Chapter 9 — gradient elution, LSS theory (cited as Snyder et al. 2010 in tool description).
  2. Schoenmakers, Peter J. 1986. Optimization of Chromatographic Selectivity: A Guide to Method Development. Elsevier. — Numerical optimization of gradient programs.
  3. Snyder, L. R., and J. W. Dolan. 2007. High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model. Wiley. — Foundational LSS reference for the %B_init = 5 + 8·logP heuristic implemented here.
  4. Nikitas, Pavlos, and Adrian Pappa-Louisi. 2009. "Retention models for isocratic and gradient elution in reversed-phase liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1737-1755. [DOI ↗] — Modern review of gradient retention models — basis for non-LSS extensions.
  5. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. [DOI ↗]
  6. Dong, Michael W. 2019. HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793. — Modern UHPLC gradient programming, sub-2 µm scaling rules.
  7. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182. [DOI ↗]
  8. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531. [DOI ↗] — Reference for orthogonal gradient design (2D-LC second dimension).
  9. Dolan, John W.. 2013. "When to Modify Method Conditions." LCGC North America 31: 192-199.
  10. Meyer, Veronika R. 2010. Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Wiley. — Chapter 7 — practical gradient design with isokratyczny scouting.
  11. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531. [DOI ↗]
  12. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772. [DOI ↗]
  13. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182. [DOI ↗]
  14. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. 100 Years of Chromatography. Wiley-VCH.
  15. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. "Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography." Analytical Chemistry 82: 8525-8531. [DOI ↗]

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/gradient/62-53-3

🌈 Détecteur + longueur d'onde (UV/Vis) 280 nm
ComposéAniline
λmax280 nm
λmin254 nm
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)1,430
Solvant (référence)methanol
λ suggérée280 nm
Détecteur recommandéUV
AlternativesPDA/DAD, MS, FLD

Source de données: Pavia 2014, ch. 5

📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date) 37 refs · 3 baz

METODA Bibliographie de la méthode

  1. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. "Principles of Instrumental Analysis." 7th ed. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  2. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. "UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications." Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-77479-9. →
  3. Sadek, Paul C.. 2002. "The HPLC Solvent Guide." 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-41138-4.
  4. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. "Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography." 3rd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-16754-0. →
  5. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists." 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-31378-3. →
  6. Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. "Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." 5th ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-68218-0.
  7. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531 →
  8. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. "Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography." Analytical Chemistry 82: 8525-8531 →
  9. Kazakevich, Yuri V., and Rosario LoBrutto, eds.. 2007. "HPLC for Pharmaceutical Scientists." Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-68162-4. →
  10. Kim, Sunghwan, et al.. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51: D1373-D1380 →
  11. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531 →
  12. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772 →
  13. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182 →
  14. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. "100 Years of Chromatography." 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-33473-5.
  15. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. "Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography." Analytical Chemistry 82: 8525-8531 →

MOLEKUŁA Bibliographie par CAS (en direct depuis 13+ bases de données)

Sources : db:Europe PMC (8) · db:openalex (12)

  1. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Regulating the Acidity and Pore Structure of Hβ Zeolite with Citric Acid Concentration for Optimized Aniline Condensation Catalysis.". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19101993 →
  2. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME studies of novel carbazole-aniline hybrids as cytotoxic agents.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-026-01744-x →
  3. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Construction of a Synthetic Aniline-Degrading Consortium Consisting of Pseudomonas sp. RF and Acidovorax sp. PH Guided by Soil Niche Information from Contaminated Sites.". https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14030678 →
  4. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2026). "Aniline Electropolymerization on Indium-Tin Oxide Nanofilms with Different Surface Resistivity: A Comprehensive Study.". https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16030165 →
  5. db:Europe PMC (2026). "Elimination of Aniline from Aquatic Solution through Activated Carbon Prepared from Phoenix Dactylifera Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06688 →
  6. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Optimization of photochemical decomposition of aniline in aqueous solutions and assessment of effluent toxicity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29156-2 →
  7. db:Europe PMC et al.. (2025). "Traditional and photocatalytic conversion of aniline into azocompounds - a comprehensive experimental and theoretical review.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra03828f →
  8. db:openalex Hongyan Li, Lianxin Liu, Jianguo Cui et al.. (2020). "High-efficiency adsorption and regeneration of methylene blue and aniline onto activated carbon from waste edible fungus residue and its possible mechanism". RSC Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01245a →
  9. db:openalex Tianwei He, Chunmei Zhang, Lei Zhang et al.. (2019). "Single Pt atom decorated graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient photocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene into aniline". Nano Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2439-z →
  10. db:openalex Tarn C. Johnson, Bryony L. Elbert, Alistair J. M. Farley et al.. (2017). "Direct sulfonylation of anilines mediated by visible light". Chemical Science. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc03891g →
  11. db:openalex Wenting Wu, Liming Zhang, Shu‐Li You. (2016). "Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions of phenol and aniline derivatives". Chemical Society Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00356c →
  12. db:openalex Hamideh Ahankar, Ali Ramazani, Katarzyna Ślepokura et al.. (2016). "Synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives from aniline, an aldehyde and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in an ethanolic citric acid solution under ultrasound irradiation". Green Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00157b →
  13. db:openalex Tomohiro Sugahara, Kei Murakami, Hideki Yorimitsu et al.. (2014). "Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Sulfides with Anilines". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201404355 →
  14. db:openalex Irina Sapurina, M. A. Shishov. (2012). "Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline: Molecular Synthesis of Polyaniline and the Formation of Supramolecular Structures". InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/48758 →
  15. db:openalex Jannis Wenk, Silvio Canonica. (2012). "Phenolic Antioxidants Inhibit the Triplet-Induced Transformation of Anilines and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution". Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300485u →
  16. db:openalex Luana da Silva Magalhães Forezi. (2011). "Aniline (CAS No. 62-53-3)". Revista Virtual de Química. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-6835.20110053 →
  17. db:openalex Xiangchun Meng, Haiyang Cheng, Yoshinari Akiyama et al.. (2009). "Selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in dense phase carbon dioxide over Ni/γ-Al2O3: Significance of molecular interactions". Journal of Catalysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.03.008 →
  18. db:openalex D. V. Parke. (1960). "Studies in detoxication. 84. The metabolism of [14C]aniline in the rabbit and other animals". Biochemical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0770493 →
  19. db:openalex R. A. M. Case, M. E. Hosker, David B. McDonald et al.. (1954). "Tumours Of The Urinary Bladder in Workmen Engaged in the Manufacture and Use Of Certain Dyestuff Intermediates In The British Chemical Industry. Part I. The Role Of Aniline, Benzidine, Alpha-Naphthylamine, And Beta-Naphthylamine". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.11.2.75 →

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/hplc/detector/62-53-3

📐 Calculateur de symétrie de pic HPLC (USP Tf / As)

Calculez le facteur de traînée USP (T) et l'asymétrie (As) à partir des demi-largeurs du pic. Saisissez a (demi-largeur gauche) et b (demi-largeur droite) mesurées à 5% ou 10% de la hauteur du pic.

📚 Références (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. USP General Chapter <621>. 2024. "Chromatography." United States Pharmacopeial Convention. [link ↗] — Defines USP Tailing Factor T = (a+b)/(2a) measured at 5% peak height.
  2. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2023. "Validation of Analytical Procedures Q2(R2)." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — Tailing factor is a system suitability parameter (Section 6).
  3. Foley, Joe P., and John G. Dorsey. 1983. "Equations for calculation of chromatographic figures of merit for ideal and skewed peaks." Analytical Chemistry 55: 730-737 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00255a033 [link ↗] — Original asymmetry factor As = b/a at 10% height (Foley & Dorsey 1983).
  4. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. "Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography." Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 [link ↗] — Chapter 2.4 — peak shape diagnostics and remedies.
  5. Dolan, John W.. 2003. "Peak tailing and resolution." LCGC North America 21: 610-614 [link ↗] — How tailing factor degrades effective resolution.
  6. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. "Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography." Analytical Chemistry 82: 8525-8531 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101742z [link ↗] — Modern numerical deconvolution for asymmetric peaks.
  7. Kromidas, Stavros. 2017. "HPLC Made to Measure: A Practical Handbook for Optimization." Wiley-VCH. — Practical Tf and As thresholds for routine QC.
  8. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists." Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793 [link ↗]
  9. Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. "Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Wiley.
  10. Heyden, Yvan Vander, et al.. 2009. "Robustness of pharmaceutical liquid chromatographic methods." Journal of Chromatography B 877: 2120-2129 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.052 [link ↗]
  11. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03506 [link ↗]
  12. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 [link ↗]
  13. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182 https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700026 [link ↗]
  14. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. "100 Years of Chromatography." Wiley-VCH.
  15. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. "Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography." Analytical Chemistry 82: 8525-8531 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101742z [link ↗]
📊 Calculateur de résolution et de nombre de plateaux (Rs, N, H)

Calculez la résolution Rs, le nombre de plateaux théoriques N et la HETP (H) pour une paire de pics HPLC. Saisissez les temps de rétention, les largeurs de pic (à 50% ou à la base) et la longueur de la colonne.

📚 Références (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. "Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography." 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-16754-0. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470508183 [link ↗] — Chapter 2 covers resolution, plate count and HETP fundamentals (Snyder et al. 2010).
  2. USP General Chapter <621>. 2024. "Chromatography." USP-NF 2024 ed. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. [link ↗] — Defines Rs >= 1.5 acceptance criterion and N calculation methods.
  3. Dolan, John W.. 2003. "How much resolution is enough?." LCGC North America 21: 350-353 [link ↗] — Practical guidance on Rs targets for routine method development.
  4. Van Deemter, J. J., F. J. Zuiderweg, and A. Klinkenberg. 1956. "Longitudinal diffusion and resistance to mass transfer as causes of nonideality in chromatography." Chemical Engineering Science 5: 271-289 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(56)80003-1 [link ↗] — Origin of N = 5.54·(tr/w0.5)² half-height plate count formulation.
  5. Giddings, J. Calvin. 1965. "Dynamics of Chromatography, Part I: Principles and Theory." Marcel Dekker. ISBN 978-0-8247-1357-7. — Resolution equation Rs = (1/4)·√N·(α-1)/α·k/(1+k) (master equation).
  6. Foley, Joe P., and John G. Dorsey. 1983. "Equations for calculation of chromatographic figures of merit for ideal and skewed peaks." Analytical Chemistry 55: 730-737 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00255a033 [link ↗] — Skewed-peak corrections to apparent N.
  7. Knox, John H.. 1977. "Practical aspects of LC theory." Journal of Chromatographic Science 15: 352-364 https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/15.9.352 [link ↗]
  8. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 [link ↗]
  9. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists." 2nd ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-31378-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119313793 [link ↗]
  10. Meyer, Veronika R.. 2010. "Practical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." 5th ed. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-68218-0.
  11. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial." Analytical Chemistry 89: 519-531 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03506 [link ↗]
  12. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 1216: 1764-1772 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.094 [link ↗]
  13. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations." Journal of Separation Science 30: 1167-1182 https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700026 [link ↗]
  14. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. "100 Years of Chromatography." 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-33473-5.
  15. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. "Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography." Analytical Chemistry 82: 8525-8531 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101742z [link ↗]

Related products

🧪 Conformité du système — calculateur en direct (USP <621>)

Saisissez les données de 5-6 injections (aires, tr, traînée, plateaux) — le calculateur calcule le %RSD, les moyennes et vérifie la conformité à l'USP <621>. Vous pouvez coller un CSV (séparé par des virgules) ou modifier des valeurs individuelles.

📚 Références (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. USP General Chapter <621>. 2024. "Chromatography (System Suitability section)." USP-NF 2024 ed. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. [link ↗] — Defines RSD area < 2%, tailing < 2.0, N > 2000 acceptance criteria.
  2. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). 2023. "Validation of Analytical Procedures Q2(R2)." ICH Expert Working Group. [link ↗] — Section 5.4 — system suitability is part of method validation.
  3. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2018. "Reviewer Guidance: Validation of Chromatographic Methods." US Food and Drug Administration. [link ↗] — CDER reviewer perspective on chromatographic validation expectations.
  4. Snyder, Lloyd R., Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. Dolan. 2010. "Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography." 3rd ed. Wiley. — Chapter 2 — system suitability fundamentals (RSD, Tf, N).
  5. Heyden, Yvan Vander, et al.. 2009. "Robustness of pharmaceutical liquid chromatographic methods." — Robustness vs. system suitability — design-of-experiments framework.
  6. Rozet, Eric, et al.. 2013. "Analysis of recent pharmaceutical regulatory documents on analytical method validation."
  7. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2011. "Guideline on bioanalytical method validation EMEA/CHMP/EWP/192217/2009." EMA. [link ↗] — EMA companion guideline with bioanalytical SS criteria.
  8. Dong, Michael W.. 2019. "HPLC and UHPLC for Practicing Scientists." 2nd ed. Wiley. — UHPLC-specific suitability adjustments (n=5 vs. n=6).
  9. Kazakevich, Yuri V., and Rosario LoBrutto, eds.. 2007. "HPLC for Pharmaceutical Scientists." Wiley-Interscience.
  10. AOAC International. 2016. "Appendix F: Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements." AOAC INTERNATIONAL. [link ↗] — Alternative SS thresholds for food/dietary samples.
  11. Stoll, Dwight R., and Peter W. Carr. 2017. "Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial."
  12. Carr, Peter W.. 2009. "The new physical chemistry of HPLC."
  13. Wu, Naijun, and Anton M. Clausen. 2007. "Fundamental and practical aspects of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography for fast separations."
  14. Engelhardt, Heinz. 2014. "100 Years of Chromatography." 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH.
  15. Vivó-Truyols, Gabriel, and Hans-Gerd Janssen. 2010. "Probabilistic approach to peak deconvolution in chromatography."

Inne produkty z tej kategorii

⚗️ Jonizacja w funkcji pH (Henderson-Hasselbalch)MolGod_PHION_1

Typ: Zasada · pKa: 4.62

024681012140%50%100%% zjonizowany% niejonowypH
pH% jonowy% niejonowy
0100.0 %0.0 %
299.8 %0.2 %
480.7 %19.3 %
64.0 %96.0 %
80.0 %100.0 %
100.0 %100.0 %
120.0 %100.0 %
140.0 %100.0 %
Źródła dla tej substancji (7)
  • CRC Handbook 91st ed.
    Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • CRC Handbook 105th ed.
    Haynes, William M., David R. Lide, and Thomas J. Bruno, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • NIST WebBook — link
    Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • PubChem CID 6115 — link
    Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380. PubChem CID 6115.
  • ChEMBL CHEMBL538 — link
    Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192. ChEMBL ID CHEMBL538.
  • IUPAC
    Perrin, Douglas D. 1965. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC. London: Butterworths.
  • NIST
    Goldberg, Robert N., Nand Kishore, and Rebecca Lennen. 2002. "Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 31 (2): 231-370.
Bibliografia metody (Chicago)
  • Henderson, L. J. 1908. "Concerning the Relationship between the Strength of Acids and Their Capacity to Preserve Neutrality." American Journal of Physiology 21 (4): 173-179.
  • Hasselbalch, K. A. 1917. "Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensäure desselben." Biochemische Zeitschrift 78: 112-144.
  • Po, Henry N., and N. M. Senozan. 2001. "The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations." Journal of Chemical Education 78 (11): 1499-1503.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2012. "Absorption and Drug Development: Solubility, Permeability, and Charge State." 2nd ed. Wiley.
  • Avdeef, Alex. 2007. "Solubility of sparingly-soluble ionizable drugs." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 59 (7): 568-590.
  • Volgyi, Gergely, et al. 2007. "Potentiometric and spectrophotometric pKa determination of water-insoluble compounds." Analytica Chimica Acta 583 (2): 418-428.
  • Fini, Adamo, Giuseppe Fazio, and Giuseppina Feroci. 1997. "Solubility and solubilization properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 70 (4): 305-318.
  • Mauger, John W., Anthony N. Paruta, and Robert J. Gerraughty. 1972. "Solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, and sulfadimethoxine." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 61 (1): 94-97.
  • Lyman, Warren J., William F. Reehl, and David H. Rosenblatt. 1990. "Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods." American Chemical Society.
  • Marcus, Yizhak. 1998. "The Properties of Solvents." Wiley.
  • Serjeant, E. P., and Boyd Dempsey. 1979. Ionisation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data Series No. 23. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
  • Perrin, Douglas D. 1965. Dissociation Constants of Organic Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC. London: Butterworths.
  • Goldberg, Robert N., Nand Kishore, and Rebecca Lennen. 2002. "Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 31 (2): 231-370.
  • Haynes, William M., David R. Lide, and Thomas J. Bruno, eds. 2024. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 105th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Lide, David R., ed. 2010. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Kim, Sunghwan, Jie Chen, Tiejun Cheng, Asta Gindulyte, Jia He, Siqian He, Qingliang Li, et al. 2023. "PubChem 2023 update." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D1373-D1380.
  • Knox, Craig, Mike Wilson, Christen M. Klinger, Mark Franklin, Eponine Oler, Alex Wilson, Allison Pon, et al. 2024. "DrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1265-D1275.
  • Zdrazil, Barbara, Eloy Felix, Fiona Hunter, Emma J. Manners, James Blackshaw, Sybilla Corbett, Marleen de Veij, et al. 2024. "The ChEMBL Database in 2023." Nucleic Acids Research 52 (D1): D1180-D1192.
  • Kanehisa, Minoru, Miho Furumichi, Yoko Sato, Masayuki Kawashima, and Mari Ishiguro-Watanabe. 2023. "KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes." Nucleic Acids Research 51 (D1): D587-D592.
  • Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2024. NIST Chemistry WebBook. NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.
  • Nelson, David L., and Michael M. Cox. 2017. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 7th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman.
📈 Prédicteur de spectre UV-VIS (200-400 nm) λmax 280 nm MolGod_UVVIS_1
0%25%50%75%100%200250300350400280 nmA = ε·c·lA / Aₘₐₓ (%)
ComposéAniline
λmax280 nm
λmin254 nm
εmax (M⁻¹·cm⁻¹)1,430
Solvant (requête)water
Solvant (référence)methanol
Concentration (M)1e-4
Longueur du trajet optique (cm)1
FWHM de la courbe52 nm

Modèle : courbe de Gauss centrée sur λmax avec mise à l'échelle selon la loi de Beer-Lambert A = ε · c · l. Transmittance T = 10^(-A) · 100%.

📚 Références scientifiques (Chicago Author-Date)
  1. et al.. (2026). "Regulating the Acidity and Pore Structure of Hβ Zeolite with Citric Acid Concentration for Optimized Aniline Condensation Catalysis.". https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19101993 [DOI]
  2. et al.. (2026). "Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME studies of novel carbazole-aniline hybrids as cytotoxic agents.". https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-026-01744-x [DOI]
  3. et al.. (2026). "Construction of a Synthetic Aniline-Degrading Consortium Consisting of Pseudomonas sp. RF and Acidovorax sp. PH Guided by Soil Niche Information from Contaminated Sites.". https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14030678 [DOI]
  4. et al.. (2026). "Aniline Electropolymerization on Indium-Tin Oxide Nanofilms with Different Surface Resistivity: A Comprehensive Study.". https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16030165 [DOI]
  5. (2026). "Elimination of Aniline from Aquatic Solution through Activated Carbon Prepared from Phoenix Dactylifera Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies.". https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06688 [DOI]
  6. et al.. (2025). "Optimization of photochemical decomposition of aniline in aqueous solutions and assessment of effluent toxicity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.". https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29156-2 [DOI]
  7. et al.. (2025). "Traditional and photocatalytic conversion of aniline into azocompounds - a comprehensive experimental and theoretical review.". https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra03828f [DOI]
  8. Hongyan Li, Lianxin Liu, Jianguo Cui et al.. (2020). "High-efficiency adsorption and regeneration of methylene blue and aniline onto activated carbon from waste edible fungus residue and its possible mechanism". RSC Advances. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01245a [DOI]
  9. Tianwei He, Chunmei Zhang, Lei Zhang et al.. (2019). "Single Pt atom decorated graphitic carbon nitride as an efficient photocatalyst for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene into aniline". Nano Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2439-z [DOI]
  10. Tarn C. Johnson, Bryony L. Elbert, Alistair J. M. Farley et al.. (2017). "Direct sulfonylation of anilines mediated by visible light". Chemical Science. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc03891g [DOI]
  11. Wenting Wu, Liming Zhang, Shu‐Li You. (2016). "Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions of phenol and aniline derivatives". Chemical Society Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00356c [DOI]
  12. Hamideh Ahankar, Ali Ramazani, Katarzyna Ślepokura et al.. (2016). "Synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives from aniline, an aldehyde and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in an ethanolic citric acid solution under ultrasound irradiation". Green Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00157b [DOI]
  13. Tomohiro Sugahara, Kei Murakami, Hideki Yorimitsu et al.. (2014). "Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Sulfides with Anilines". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201404355 [DOI]
  14. Irina Sapurina, M. A. Shishov. (2012). "Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline: Molecular Synthesis of Polyaniline and the Formation of Supramolecular Structures". InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/48758 [DOI]
  15. Jannis Wenk, Silvio Canonica. (2012). "Phenolic Antioxidants Inhibit the Triplet-Induced Transformation of Anilines and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution". Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300485u [DOI]
  16. Luana da Silva Magalhães Forezi. (2011). "Aniline (CAS No. 62-53-3)". Revista Virtual de Química. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-6835.20110053 [DOI]
  17. Xiangchun Meng, Haiyang Cheng, Yoshinari Akiyama et al.. (2009). "Selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in dense phase carbon dioxide over Ni/γ-Al2O3: Significance of molecular interactions". Journal of Catalysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.03.008 [DOI]
  18. D. V. Parke. (1960). "Studies in detoxication. 84. The metabolism of [14C]aniline in the rabbit and other animals". Biochemical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0770493 [DOI]
  19. R. A. M. Case, M. E. Hosker, David B. McDonald et al.. (1954). "Tumours Of The Urinary Bladder in Workmen Engaged in the Manufacture and Use Of Certain Dyestuff Intermediates In The British Chemical Industry. Part I. The Role Of Aniline, Benzidine, Alpha-Naphthylamine, And Beta-Naphthylamine". Occupational and Environmental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.11.2.75 [DOI]
  20. Linstrom, Peter J., and William G. Mallard, eds. 2023. NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. [DOI]
  21. Mayerhöfer, Thomas G., Samir Pahlow, and Jürgen Popp. 2020. "The Bouguer-Beer-Lambert Law: Shining Light on the Obscure." ChemPhysChem 21 (18): 2029-2046. [DOI]
  22. Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch. 2017. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-57721-3.
  23. Lindon, John C., George E. Tranter, and David W. Koppenaal, eds. 2017. "Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry." 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-803224-4.
  24. Field, Leslie D., Sev Sternhell, and John R. Kalman. 2013. "Organic Structures from Spectra." 5th ed. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-96582-6.
  25. Reusch, William. 2013. "Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy." East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
  26. Lampman, Gary M., Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, and James R. Vyvyan. 2010. "Spectroscopy." 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-88992-9.
  27. Kalsi, P. S. 2010. "Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds." 6th ed. New Delhi: New Age International. ISBN 978-81-224-2032-9.
  28. Williams, Dudley H., and Ian Fleming. 2008. "Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry." 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-711559-0.
  29. Sadek, Paul C. 2002. The HPLC Solvent Guide. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-41242-2.
  30. Banwell, Colin N., and Elaine M. McCash. 1994. "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy." 4th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-707976-1.
  31. Perkampus, Heinz-Helmut. 1992. UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Its Applications. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77479-9.
  32. Fieser, Louis F. 1949. "Extension of Woodward's Rules for Prediction of Conjugated Diene Absorption." Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (5): 1854-1857. [DOI]
  33. Woodward, Robert B. 1942. "Structure and the Absorption Spectra of Alpha,Beta-Unsaturated Ketones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 64 (1): 72-75. [DOI]
  34. Beer, August. 1852. "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten." Annalen der Physik und Chemie 86: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18521620505.
  35. Lambert, Johann Heinrich. 1760. Photometria. Augsburg: Sumptibus Vidae.

📖 Wartość λmax = 280 nm pochodzi z bazy/literatury. Brak niezależnego potwierdzenia krzyżowego (NIST / CrossRef / PubChem) — weryfikacja krzyżowa niedostępna.

REST: /wp-json/molgod/v1/spectra/uv-vis/62-53-3?solvent=water&path_length_cm=1

☣️ Toxicité (LD50 / LC50) GHS Cat. 3 — ModéréeMolGod_LD50_1
LD50
250 mg/kg
Gatunek / droga
Rat / doustnie
Klasyfikacja
Moderately toxic
Skala GHS (Acute Toxicity, oral, mg/kg bw):
Cat 1 (≤5)
Cat 2 (5–50)
Cat 3 (50–300)
Cat 4 (300–2000)
Cat 5 (2000–5000)

Source : RTECS BW6650000; Klaassen 2018; ATSDR Aniline 2024 (2024). CAS 62-53-3.

Les données DL50/CL50 sont fournies à titre indicatif uniquement ; elles ne remplacent ni la fiche de données de sécurité (FDS) ni l'évaluation d'un expert toxicologue. Classification GHS pour la voie orale (mg/kg pc) selon UN GHS, 10e rév. 2023, Annexe 1 §3.1.1.

Bibliographie (Chicago)
  • Hodge, Harold C., and James H. Sterner. 1949. "Tabulation of toxicity classes." American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly 10 (4): 93-96.
  • U.S. EPA. 2024. "ChemView." https://chemview.epa.gov/.
  • United Nations. 2023. "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)." 10th rev. ed. New York: UN.
  • Lipnick, Robert L., et al. 1995. "Comparison of the up-and-down, conventional LD50, and fixed-dose acute toxicity procedures." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33 (3): 223-231.
  • ATSDR. 2024. "Toxicological Profiles." Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/.
  • Hayes, Wallace, and Claire L. Kruger, eds. 2014. "Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology." 6th ed. CRC Press.
  • Lewis, Richard J. 2012. "Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials." 12th ed. Wiley.
  • IARC. 2024. "Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans." International Agency for Research on Cancer (per kryteria klasyfikacji rakotwórczości IARC Group 1/2A/2B).
  • Pohanish, Richard P. 2017. "Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens." 7th ed. Elsevier.
  • Bingham, Eula, Barbara Cohrssen, and Charles H. Powell, eds. 2012. "Patty's Toxicology." 6th ed. Wiley.
  • WHO. 2023. "Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard." World Health Organization (zgodne z UN GHS Annex 1 §3.1.1).
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📚 RÉFÉRENCES (Bibliographie agrégée, Chicago Author-Date) 107 éléments

Toutes les sources scientifiques citées dans les accordéons ci-dessus pour le CAS 62-53-3. Format : Chicago Manual of Style, 17e éd., système Auteur-Date.

🗄️ Bases de données scientifiques

  1. NIST. 2026. NIST Chemistry WebBook: CAS 62-53-3. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=62-53-3. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
  2. AIST. 2026. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS): CAS 62-53-3. Tsukuba, Japan: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
  3. PubChem. 2026. PubChem Compound Summary: CAS 62-53-3. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=62-53-3. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
  4. ECHA. 2026. C&L Inventory and REACH Registration: CAS 62-53-3. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)

📐 Normes / Lignes directrices

  1. ICH. 2026. "ICH Harmonised Guideline: CAS 62-53-3." Geneva: International Council for Harmonisation. https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q1A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)
  2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 2024. "NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code." NFPA, Quincy, MA. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=30.
  3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2023. "29 CFR 1910.106 — Flammable Liquids." U.S. Department of Labor, Federal Register. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.106.
  4. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2024. "Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) — Harmonised Classification and Labelling." ECHA, Helsinki / Official Journal of the European Union. https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/clp-classification.
  5. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2016. "EN 374-1:2016 — Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms — Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:38536,6080&cs=1B0DAA8B85DF42E4A2C70E5D71F0BFA32.
  6. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2001. "EN 166:2001 — Personal eye-protection — Specifications." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:6541&cs=1F1A4E0A78C4DB6A28DBE2E8C29D89DCF.
  7. European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2009. "EN 14605:2005+A1:2009 — Protective clothing against liquid chemicals — Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections." CEN, Brussels. https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21581&cs=1A04A2D3C7CC58E9E6CB58D55F7EBFB7E.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2017. "Recommendations for Chemical Protective Clothing: A Companion to the NIOSH Pocket Guide." U.S. Department of Health & Human Services / CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ncpc/default.html.
  9. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2011. "Personal Protective Equipment — General requirements." U.S. Department of Labor — 29 CFR 1910.132. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132.

📖 Livres

  1. Rumble, John R., ed. 2019. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 100th Edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://hbcp.chemnetbase.com/.
  2. Hansen, Charles M. 2007. Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Hansen-Solubility-Parameters-A-Users-Handbook/Hansen/p/book/9780849372483.
  3. Barton, Allan F. M. 1991. CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters: 2nd ed.. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Solubility-Parameters-and-Other-Cohesion-Parameters/Barton/p/book/9780849301766.
  4. Connors, Kenneth A., Gordon L. Amidon, and Valentino J. Stella. 1986. Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Pharmacists, 2nd ed.. New York: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471734683.
  5. Urben, Peter G. 2017. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 8th Edition. Academic Press / Elsevier, Oxford. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081010594.

📘 Monographies

  1. IARC. 2026. IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: CAS 62-53-3. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications/. (Accessed 2026-11-12.)

📄 Articles scientifiques (évalués par les pairs)

  1. Stefanis, Emmanuel, and Costas Panayiotou. 2008. "Prediction of Hansen Solubility Parameters with a New Group-Contribution Method." International Journal of Thermophysics 29: 568-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0415-z.
  2. Stoll, Vincent S., and John S. Blanchard. 1990. "Buffers: Principles and Practice: In Methods in Enzymology, vol. 182." San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82008-P.

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  5. ECHA. 2017. "Guidance on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheets." Version 3.1. European Chemicals Agency. ECHA-17-G-01-EN. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23047722/sds_en.pdf.
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